Nokea
The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will a decreased sodium diet prevent or help reduce?
- A. Stroke
- B. Fluid excretion
- C. Heart attacks
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium attracts water and causes fluid retention. Hypervolemia increases the heart's workload, which can lead to a heart attack.
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A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition. What increased intake should the nurse encourage?
- A. Potassium and sodium
- B. Chloride and magnesium
- C. Iron and calcium
- D. Vitamins and minerals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dietary inadequacies in adolescence include iron and calcium.
To simplify food values the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the __.
Correct Answer: kilocalorie
Rationale: The kilocalorie is the energy value by which foods are measured for their energy-producing potential.
A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet. The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein. What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein?
- A. Potatoes
- B. Beans
- C. Cheese
- D. Soy products
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foods that a patient with renal disease can substitute for energy are in the carbohydrate group. Potatoes are the only carbohydrate listed.
The patient who had a gastrostomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome. What can the nurse recommend to this patient to decrease this problem?
- A. Eat small frequent meals.
- B. Include more fiber in meals.
- C. Increase seasoning on food.
- D. Limit intake to semiliquids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms of dumping syndrome can be reduced by consuming small frequent meals of mildly seasoned food; extra fiber is not essential.
The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?
- A. Edema
- B. Hypertension
- C. Fatigue
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toxicity usually occurs from the use of large supplemental doses of vitamins and minerals and presents as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headache.