Nokea
The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) will be infused. Where will the infusion occur?
- A. Through the carotid artery
- B. Through the superior vena cava
- C. Through the femoral vein
- D. Through the inferior vena cava
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TPN solution is usually infused through the superior vena cava.
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The nurse has assessed a patient's body mass index (BMI) to be 19.6. This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patient's weight category is in which category?
- A. Low health risk
- B. Overweight
- C. Obese
- D. Morbidly obese
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is associated with the lowest health risk. Those with BMIs between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, and those with BMIs of 30 or greater are considered obese. A BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight and is also associated with health risks.
To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g. How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce?
- A. 6 kcal/g
- B. 15 kcal/g
- C. 21 kcal/g
- D. 27 kcal/g
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal/g.
A nurse caring for a patient who is prescribed a full-liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients. What nutrients are lacking?
- A. Fat-soluble vitamins
- B. Potassium
- C. Iron and fiber
- D. Water-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A full-liquid diet is deficient in iron and fiber.
A patient taking a diuretic is assessed by the nurse as having an erratic pulse and muscle weakness. What electrolyte should the nurse suspect is deficient?
- A. Sodium
- B. Potassium
- C. Chloride
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diuretics can deplete potassium through urine excretion and lead to muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.
The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will a decreased sodium diet prevent or help reduce?
- A. Stroke
- B. Fluid excretion
- C. Heart attacks
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium attracts water and causes fluid retention. Hypervolemia increases the heart's workload, which can lead to a heart attack.