Nokea
When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystitis and who is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested. What is the substance necessary for emulsification?
- A. Sugar
- B. Cholesterol
- C. Bile
- D. Protein
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bile is necessary to emulsify fat.
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The nurse recognizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used. What is the proper term for feeding a patient by this method?
- A. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
- B. Nasogastric
- C. Enteral
- D. Parenteral
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The administration of nutritionally balanced liquid foods through a feeding ostomy is called enteral nutrition.
__ softens stools speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract and reduces pressure in the colon.
Correct Answer: fiber
Rationale: Insoluble fiber softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon. Thus it may help relieve constipation and reduce the risk of certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as diverticulosis or hemorrhoids.
The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?
- A. Edema
- B. Hypertension
- C. Fatigue
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toxicity usually occurs from the use of large supplemental doses of vitamins and minerals and presents as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headache.
The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels. What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats?
- A. They block absorption of nutrients.
- B. They interfere with metabolism.
- C. They increase blood cholesterol.
- D. They must be hydrogenated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fats tend to increase blood cholesterol.
Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes. The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal. What is this meal planning approach called?
- A. Carbohydrate splitting
- B. Reduced caloric intake
- C. Carbohydrate counting
- D. Carbohydrate balancing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrate counting is a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten.