Nokea
The nurse explains that the use of the brace allows a person with a cervical fracture to be mobile.
Correct Answer: halo
Rationale: Halo braces attach to the skull with pins, which stabilize a cervical vertebral fracture, allowing the patient to be mobile.
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Which finding would delay a computed tomography (CT) scan?
- A. Patient's allergy to shellfish or iodine
- B. Patient has a suspected tumor
- C. Patient's allergy to milk products
- D. Patient's gluten intolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allergy to shellfish predicts an allergy to iodine, the contrast media used in the CT scan. This test can detect tumors of the soft tissue; it is not contraindicated when the patient has a suspected tumor. Allergy to milk or intolerance to gluten is not a reason to delay a CT scan.
When reinforcing teaching the patient about osteoarthritis, the nurse should include which characteristic about osteoarthritis?
- A. will cause the formation of Heberden nodes.
- B. can involve other organs.
- C. results from wear and tear.
- D. may affect only one side of the body.
- E. may cause constitutional symptoms of fatigue and fever.
- F. will cause marked erythema and edema of hands.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Osteoarthritis is a disease caused by wear and tear of the joints, causing the appearance of Heberden nodes on the fingers without marked edema or erythema. The disease may only affect one side of the body. Osteoarthritis does not involve other organs and does not cause constitutional symptoms. Marked erythema and hand edema are not associated with osteoarthritis.
Which instruction will the nurse reinforce for a patient who is taking alendronate?
- A. Take drug with any meal.
- B. Take drug first thing in the morning.
- C. Drink at least $5 \mathrm{oz}$ of milk before taking drug.
- D. Take drug with an antacid to avoid heartburn.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach first thing in the morning with $6 \mathrm{oz}$ of water, accompanied by no other medication. The patient should remain upright for 30 minutes after a dose to minimize risk of esophageal irritation.
Which patient is most likely to develop osteoporosis?
- A. 43-year-old African American woman
- B. 57-year-old white woman
- C. 48-year-old African American man
- D. 62-year-old Latino woman
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: White women have a higher incidence of osteoporosis than Asian women, followed by African American women and Hispanic women.
When the patient with rheumatoid arthritis reports not liking daily exercise, the nurse encouragingly reminds the patient that exercise has which benefit?
- A. Keeping the joints from 'freezing.'
- B. Ensuring longer and better sleep.
- C. Stimulating joints when done vigorously
- D. When performed weekly, having greater benefits.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Daily gentle exercises keep the joints from 'freezing' and keep the muscles from weakening. Exercise does not ensure better sleep. Joint exercises should not be performed vigorously. The patient benefits when gently exercises are performed daily.