Nokea
In order for a patient to flex the lower leg, which muscle must be contracted?
- A. Quadriceps
- B. Gastrocnemius
- C. Biceps femoris
- D. Rectus femoris
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The contraction of the biceps femoris allows for the contraction of the lower leg.
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Which action should the nurse take when a patient with osteomyelitis of the right forearm is admitted with an open wound that is draining?
- A. Enforce a low-calorie diet.
- B. Initiate drainage and secretion precautions.
- C. Frequently do passive ROM on the elbow.
- D. Ambulate several times daily.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient with osteomyelitis should be at least in drainage and secretion precaution. The limb should be positioned for maximum comfort and left at rest. These patients are usually on bed rest and require a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
The nurse explains to a patient who has had a hip replacement that warfarin is prescribed for which reason?
- A. increase the red blood cells.
- B. reduce the threat of hemorrhage.
- C. prevent formation of emboli.
- D. help stabilize the prosthesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin is a standard postsurgical drug to prevent the formation of emboli. Warfarin does not increase red blood cells. The risk of hemorrhage is higher when an anticoagulant is taken. Warfarin does not help stabilize the prosthesis.
Which instructions should the nurse reinforce for the patient before the initiation of the hydroxychloroquine to treat joint inflammation from systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)?
- A. Report mouth ulcerations.
- B. Get a chest x-ray.
- C. Get an eye examination.
- D. Take prophylaxis for malaria.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An eye examination should be completed before starting the drug and an eye examination should be done every 6 months while on the drug, because the drug can damage the retina and lead to blindness. Gold salts may cause mouth ulcerations. Hydroxychloroquine administration does not require monitoring of the chest x-ray because it does not cause lung damage. Hydroxychloroquine is also prescribed for malaria prophylaxis. This patient is taking the medication as an anti-inflammatory agent for SLE.
The office nurse has noted the presence of an increase in lumbar curvature in a 20-year-old female patient. What is this condition known as?
- A. Scoliosis
- B. Lordosis
- C. Kyphosis
- D. Spondylitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Common deformities include an increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulder back, making the 'lordly or kingly' appearance that is known as lordosis. Scoliosis involves the S curvature of the spine. Kyphosis is the rounding of the thoracic spine. Spondylitis is not explained as an increase in lumbar curvature.
Which will the nurse stress to a patient, who recently had a hip replacement, in quadriceps setting exercises?
- A. Push knee down to mattress and raise heel off the bed.
- B. Flex knee and extend foot.
- C. Adduct leg and flex foot.
- D. Lift leg and heel off the bed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pushing the knee down into the mattress and raising the heel will strengthen the quadriceps muscles. Flexing the knee and extending the foot will not strengthen the quadriceps muscles. Likewise, adducting the legs and flexing the knee will not strengthen the quadriceps muscles.