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How is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) distinguished from osteoarthritis?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, systemic disease; osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the joints.
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, degenerative disease; osteoarthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease.
- C. People with osteoarthritis are considered to be genetically predisposed; there is no known genetic component to rheumatoid arthritis.
- D. Osteoarthritis is often caused by a virus; viruses play no part in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: RA is thought to be a systemic, autoimmune disorder. Degenerative joint disease is also known as osteoarthritis.
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Which finding would delay a computed tomography (CT) scan?
- A. Patient's allergy to shellfish or iodine
- B. Patient has a suspected tumor
- C. Patient's allergy to milk products
- D. Patient's gluten intolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allergy to shellfish predicts an allergy to iodine, the contrast media used in the CT scan. This test can detect tumors of the soft tissue; it is not contraindicated when the patient has a suspected tumor. Allergy to milk or intolerance to gluten is not a reason to delay a CT scan.
Which is a vital function muscles perform when they contract?
- A. Absorb uric acid
- B. Maintenance of posture
- C. Motion
- D. Store minerals
- E. Production of heat
- F. To assist in return of venous blood to the left side of the heart
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The vital functions muscles perform when they contract are maintenance of posture, motion, and production of $85 \%$ of body heat. Muscles do not absorb uric acid, store minerals. Venous blood is returned to the right side of the heart.
When the patient with rheumatoid arthritis reports not liking daily exercise, the nurse encouragingly reminds the patient that exercise has which benefit?
- A. Keeping the joints from 'freezing.'
- B. Ensuring longer and better sleep.
- C. Stimulating joints when done vigorously
- D. When performed weekly, having greater benefits.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Daily gentle exercises keep the joints from 'freezing' and keep the muscles from weakening. Exercise does not ensure better sleep. Joint exercises should not be performed vigorously. The patient benefits when gently exercises are performed daily.
Which is the main purpose of traction?
- A. Align and stabilize a fracture.
- B. Prevent deformities.
- C. Relieve muscle spasms.
- D. Promote bed rest.
- E. Increase circulation to the rest of the body.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Skin and skeletal traction provide alignment and stabilize a fracture. This prevents deformities. Traction may also be used to relieve muscle spasms. Traction is not used to promote bed rest or to increase circulation to the rest of the body.
Certain foods may increase the pain associated with gout. Which foods have the highest concentration of purines?
- A. Brain, liver, kidney
- B. Lettuce, corn, potatoes
- C. Beef, pork, chicken
- D. Fruits and fruit juices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Foods high in purines, such as brain, kidney, liver, and heart should be avoided, as well as alcohol. Lettuce, meat that does not include organ meats, and fruits do not have a high concentration of purines.