Nokea
Which foods should the home health nurse suggest for the patient with osteoporosis to help slow the disease?
- A. Leafy green vegetables
- B. Foods high in sodium
- C. Tea and coffee
- D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To slow the bone loss, a patient with osteoporosis should eat green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and turnip greens, foods low in sodium, and avoid caffeine. Vitamin D helps with the absorption of calcium and stimulates bone formation.
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The nurse explains to a patient who has had a hip replacement that warfarin is prescribed for which reason?
- A. increase the red blood cells.
- B. reduce the threat of hemorrhage.
- C. prevent formation of emboli.
- D. help stabilize the prosthesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin is a standard postsurgical drug to prevent the formation of emboli. Warfarin does not increase red blood cells. The risk of hemorrhage is higher when an anticoagulant is taken. Warfarin does not help stabilize the prosthesis.
A patient had an open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) for a compound fracture of the left tibia and has been placed in a long leg cast. The findings by the nurse are: left foot warm/pink, pedal pulse weaker than right, capillary refill 3 seconds, and small $1 \mathrm{~cm}$ area of blood on cast. Which action will the nurse take?
- A. Notify charge nurse of impending compartment syndrome.
- B. Document that all findings are within normal limits.
- C. Inform charge nurse about probable hemorrhage.
- D. Place warm compresses on left foot.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: All of the findings are within normal limits. A small amount of blood on the cast is expected and should be monitored. There is no evidence of impending compartment syndrome or hemorrhage. Warm compresses are not necessary, and could cause swelling to develop.
The nurse explains that the use of the brace allows a person with a cervical fracture to be mobile.
Correct Answer: halo
Rationale: Halo braces attach to the skull with pins, which stabilize a cervical vertebral fracture, allowing the patient to be mobile.
Which will the home health nurse include monitoring for in the plan of care for an 82-year-old female with severe kyphosis from ankylosis?
- A. Urinary output
- B. Respiratory effort
- C. Sleep cycle
- D. Nutritional status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe kyphosis may hinder the patient's ability to expand the rib cage and interfere with easy respiration. Severe kyphosis due to ankylosis will not affect the urinary output or the sleep cycle. Nutritional status is not necessarily impaired from severe kyphosis.
When a patient recovering from a fractured tibia asks what callus formation is, the nurse provides which explanation?
- A. when blood vessels of the bone are compressed.
- B. a part of the bone healing process after a fracture when new bone is being formed over the fracture site.
- C. the formation of a clot over the fracture site.
- D. when the hematoma becomes organized and a fibrin meshwork is formed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Callus formation occurs when the osteoblasts continue to lay the network for bone buildup and osteoclasts destroy dead bone. In compartment syndrome, blood vessels are compressed. Clot formation and hematoma organization occur in different phases of the bone healing process.