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The nurse explains that what drug resource book is compiled from package inserts?
- A. Nurses Drug Guide
- B. Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)
- C. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- D. AMA Drug Evaluations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PDR is a compilation of information found on package inserts. The Nurses Drug Guide uses more easily understood language and incorporates nursing considerations and patient teaching points. Drug Facts and Comparisons includes cost comparison, often not found in other drug resource guides. The AMA Drug Evaluations is far less biased than the PDR and includes drugs still in the research stage of development.
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Following is the example of second generation antihistaminic:
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Promethazine
- C. Chlorpheniramine
- D. Cetirizine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine with less sedation due to reduced CNS penetration, unlike first-generation drugs like diphenhydramine, promethazine, and chlorpheniramine.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving gentamicin, 250 mg and fluconazole (Diflucan), 500 mg at the same time. The nurse knows that if these two drugs competed with each other for protein-binding sites, what would this do?
- A. Make the patient gentamicin deficient
- B. Make the patient fluconazole deficient
- C. Counteract any positive benefit the drugs would have
- D. Alter the effectiveness of both drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Some drugs compete with each other for protein-binding sites, altering effectiveness or causing toxicity when the two drugs are given together. Nothing in the scenario would indicate that the patient would be either Gentamicin or Diflucan deficient, nor does it indicate that these drugs cannot be given together because they would counteract each other.
A patient who has tuberculosis asks the nurse why three drugs are used to treat this disease. The nurse will explain that multi-drug therapy is used to reduce
- A. disease relapse
- B. drug hypersensitivity reactions
- C. drug resistance
- D. drug adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Multi-drug therapy prevents TB resistance; it doesn't directly reduce relapse , hypersensitivity , or side effects . Without multi-drug therapy, patients easily develop resistance to antitubercular drugs.
A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, if added to the client's regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?
- A. Prednisone
- B. Phenelzine (Nardil)
- C. Atenolol (Tenormin)
- D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements. Option 2, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and option 3, a β-blocker, have their own intrinsic hypoglycemic activity. Option 4 decreases urinary excretion of sulfonylurea agents, causing increased levels of the oral agents, which can lead to hypoglycemia.
A patient who has a long history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital for detoxification. In addition to medications needed to treat withdrawal symptoms, the nurse will anticipate giving intravenous
- A. dopamine to restore blood pressure
- B. fluid boluses to treat dehydration
- C. glucose to prevent hypoglycemia
- D. thiamine to treat nutritional deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thiamine prevents Wernicke's encephalopathy in alcohol detox; glucose follows if needed. Thiamine should be given to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients treated for alcoholism.