Nokea
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Filtration
- C. Osmosis
- D. Homeostasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
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When administering intravenous (IV) fluids the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. When could dehydration become lethal?
- A. If the patient loses 5% of body fluid
- B. If the patient loses 10% of body fluid
- C. If the patient loses 15% of body fluid
- D. If the patient loses 20% of body fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A loss of 20% of body fluid in an adult is fatal.
Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?
- A. Intracellular
- B. Intravascular
- C. Extracellular
- D. Interstitial
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium is the major extracellular electrolyte.
What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
- A. Systemic edema
- B. Cardiac complications
- C. Muscle cramping
- D. Impaired kidney function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia can affect cardiac function.
What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?
- A. Slow respirations
- B. Muscle weakness
- C. Strong even heart rate
- D. Flushed face
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetany and muscle weakness, tachypnea, and cardiac arrhythmias are symptomatic of respiratory alkalosis.
Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
- A. 1:5
- B. 1:10
- C. 1:15
- D. 1:20
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate.