Nokea
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular
- A. A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood
- B. The geographical location of the neighborhood within the city
- C. A statistical fluke without meaning
- D. The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is because cultural or ethnic factors can influence health behaviors, access to healthcare, genetic predispositions, and environmental exposures, all of which can impact disease prevalence. Geographical location (B) may play a role in some cases but is not as directly linked to disease patterns as cultural factors. Choice C suggests randomness, which is unlikely given the clear statistical demonstration mentioned in the question. The time of year (D) is not a significant factor unless it is directly related to cultural or ethnic practices affecting disease spread.
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A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma
- A. Descriptive epidemiological study
- B. Ecological study
- C. Prospective cohort study
- D. Retrospective cohort study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Descriptive epidemiological study. This type of study focuses on describing and analyzing patterns of disease occurrence in a population without examining causal relationships. In this scenario, the principal is simply observing an increase in asthma cases without investigating potential causes or risk factors. Choices B, C, and D involve more specific research designs that require a more in-depth analysis of individuals over time to establish causal relationships, which is not the case here.
A nurse reports that in comparison to all the children in a particular school, the children who are members of the Cub Scouts have 0.3 risk for obesity before entering the sixth grade. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse make to the new parents of two boys who had just moved into this school's neighborhood?
- A. Discourage the parents from enrolling their sons in Cub Scouts because of the risk.
- B. Don't say anything about Cub Scouts, because it isn't relevant to nursing care.
- C. Encourage the parents to enroll their sons in Cub Scouts.
- D. Share the finding and let the parents draw whatever conclusions they feel appropriate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Discourage the parents from enrolling their sons in Cub Scouts because of the risk. This recommendation is based on the nurse's report that children who are members of the Cub Scouts have a higher risk (0.3) for obesity compared to all children in the school. By discouraging enrollment, the nurse is aiming to potentially reduce the boys' risk for obesity. Other choices are incorrect because: B is irrelevant as the nurse has specific information about Cub Scouts and obesity risk. C is incorrect as it goes against the reported risk. D is not the best option as the nurse should provide guidance based on the information available rather than leaving it up to the parents to interpret.
Which of the following best describes community-oriented nursing?
- A. Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families
- B. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
- C. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
- D. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention. Community-oriented nursing focuses on improving the overall health of a population by promoting wellness and preventing illnesses. This approach involves working collaboratively with communities to identify health needs, develop strategies for prevention, and implement interventions to enhance health outcomes. Choices A, B, and C focus more on individualized care and treatment, whereas community-oriented nursing emphasizes a population-based approach. Therefore, D is the best description as it aligns with the core principles of community health nursing.
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?
- A. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
- B. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
- C. Sanitation and other public health activities
- D. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sanitation and other public health activities. Sanitation improvements, such as clean water supply and waste disposal, have played a significant role in reducing infectious diseases and improving overall health, leading to the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century. This is supported by historical data showing a correlation between improved sanitation and decreased mortality rates. Other choices are incorrect because while technology, surgical advances, and antibiotics have contributed to medical progress, they alone cannot account for the significant increase in life expectancy seen during the twentieth century.
Which action by a health care organization demonstrates the development of a culturally and linguistically competent plan to meet the needs of diverse populations of the community?
- A. Informing the community about their cultural needs
- B. Collaborating with community leaders
- C. Developing strategies that have worked at other health care organizations
- D. Developing consistent strategies that will not change over time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Collaborating with community leaders. This action is essential for developing a culturally and linguistically competent plan as community leaders possess valuable insights into the specific needs and preferences of diverse populations. By collaborating with them, the health care organization can tailor its services effectively. Informing the community about their cultural needs (A) is important but insufficient without direct collaboration. Developing strategies based on other organizations' success (C) may not account for the unique needs of the local community. Developing consistent strategies (D) is rigid and may not adapt to evolving community needs.