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A nurse is a member of an interdisciplinary committee whose goal is to develop a culturally and linguistically competent organization. Which action by the committee would help to meet this goal?
- A. Develop an organizational mission statement for cultural competence
- B. Encourage each department to develop a cultural competency plan
- C. Encourage employees to find ways to develop their cultural competence
- D. Hire individuals with the most work experience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, developing an organizational mission statement for cultural competence. This is crucial as it sets the tone and direction for the entire organization's commitment to cultural and linguistic competence. It provides a clear framework and guiding principles for all activities and decisions related to this goal. Choices B and C are not sufficient on their own as they lack a cohesive and overarching strategy. Choice D is irrelevant to the goal of cultural competence. It is important to have a clear, shared vision through the mission statement to ensure alignment and accountability across all departments and individuals.
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A city council discusses how former city laws promoted segregation in the community years ago. Which of the following was being demonstrated when segregation occurred?
- A. Prejudice
- B. Cultural imposition
- C. Racism
- D. Stereotyping
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Racism. When segregation occurred due to city laws, it was a demonstration of racism, which involves systemic discrimination and prejudice against individuals based on their race or ethnicity. Racism was institutionalized through these laws, leading to unequal treatment and opportunities for different racial groups. Prejudice (A) refers to preconceived opinions that are not necessarily institutionalized like racism. Cultural imposition (B) is the act of imposing one's cultural values on others and is not the primary factor in segregation. Stereotyping (D) involves generalizations about a group of people but does not necessarily lead to segregation on its own.
Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing?
- A. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic
- B. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries
- C. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic
- D. Administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic aligns with the core principles of public health nursing. This action involves evaluating the impact of healthcare services on a population, addressing public health needs, and promoting health at a community level. Option B focuses on individual client care post-surgery, which is more aligned with home health nursing. Option C involves providing care at a school clinic, which is more focused on primary care nursing. Option D involves administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic, which is more related to pediatric nursing. Therefore, option A is the best representation of public health nursing as it involves a broader perspective on population health and healthcare services.
A school nurse wants to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Which of
- A. Giving a presentation on the importance of exercise and physical fitness
- B. Designing a game in which students select healthy food choices
- C. Weighing students to identify those who are overweight
- D. Putting students on a diet if they weigh greater than 20% of their ideal weight
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because educating students on the importance of exercise and physical fitness promotes long-term healthy habits. This approach focuses on prevention rather than intervention, empowering children to make informed choices. Choice B may help students make healthy food choices but doesn't address the importance of physical activity. Choice C may lead to stigma and doesn't promote positive behavior change. Choice D is not recommended as putting students on a diet without proper guidance can be harmful.
A nurse is striving to be culturally competent. Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by the nurse?
- A. Respect individuals from different cultures and value diversity.
- B. Immerse himself or herself in different cultures.
- C. Design care for special ethnic groups.
- D. Give explicit instructions to avoid client decision making.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respect individuals from different cultures and value diversity. This is because cultural competence involves understanding and respecting the beliefs, values, and practices of individuals from diverse backgrounds. By respecting individuals from different cultures and valuing diversity, the nurse can provide more culturally sensitive and effective care.
Choice B is incorrect because simply immersing oneself in different cultures does not guarantee cultural competence. Choice C is incorrect as designing care specifically for special ethnic groups may lead to stereotyping and overlooking individual differences within those groups. Choice D is incorrect as giving explicit instructions to avoid client decision making goes against the principles of autonomy and patient-centered care.
Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the disease home to their families. Which of the following characteristics would be most important to consider when selecting the screening test to be used?
- A. The negative predictive value
- B. The positive predictive value
- C. The sensitivity of the test
- D. The specificity of the test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The sensitivity of the test. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have the disease (true positives). In this scenario, selecting a screening test with high sensitivity is crucial to ensure that infected individuals are accurately identified and receive immediate treatment to prevent spreading the disease to their families.
A: The negative predictive value - This measures the probability that individuals with a negative test result truly do not have the disease and is not as important in this case where immediate treatment is vital.
B: The positive predictive value - This measures the probability that individuals with a positive test result truly have the disease and is not as critical as sensitivity in this context.
D: The specificity of the test - This measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives) and is not the most important consideration when the goal is to identify infected individuals for immediate treatment.