Adaptive Immune System Quizlet

Adaptive Immune System Quizlet Related

Review Adaptive Immune System Quizlet related questions and content

The nurse is assessing a client for signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would be consistent with this disorder? (Select one that does not apply.)

  • A. Discoid rash on skin exposed to sunlight
  • B. Urinalysis negative for casts and protein
  • C. Painful, deformed small joints
  • D. Pain on inspiration
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Discoid rash on skin exposed to sunlight. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly presents with a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash on the face, especially over the cheeks and nose, that worsens with sunlight exposure. The rash is not limited to skin exposed to sunlight. Choices B, C, and D are inconsistent with SLE. B: Urinalysis negative for casts and protein is not indicative of SLE, as renal involvement in SLE often presents with the presence of casts and protein in the urine. C: Painful, deformed small joints is more typical of rheumatoid arthritis, not SLE. D: Pain on inspiration is a symptom of pleurisy, which can occur in SLE but is not a defining feature.

You may also like to solve these questions

What role do Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play in the immune response?

  • A. They identify self-antigens
  • B. They mediate phagocytosis directly
  • C. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns
  • D. They suppress cytokine secretion
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on pathogens, initiating the immune response. This recognition triggers the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to inflammation and activation of immune cells. Choice A is incorrect because TLRs do not identify self-antigens but rather foreign antigens. Choice B is incorrect as TLRs do not directly mediate phagocytosis but rather initiate signaling pathways that lead to phagocytosis by immune cells. Choice D is incorrect because TLRs do not suppress cytokine secretion; rather, they stimulate cytokine production.

An HIV-positive patient who has been started on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is seen in the clinic for follow-up. Which test will be most helpful in determining the response to therapy?

  • A. Lymphocyte count
  • B. ELISA testing
  • C. Western blot analysis
  • D. Viral load testing
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Viral load testing measures the amount of HIV RNA in the blood and is the most direct way to assess the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. A decrease in viral load indicates that the therapy is working. The other tests provide useful information but are not as directly related to the effectiveness of ART.

Which of the following is a safety mechanism of the complement system?

  • A. Binding C5a to plasma inhibitors
  • B. Activation of complement only in the absence of pathogens
  • C. Covalent binding of C3b and C4b to pathogen surfaces
  • D. Suppression of C1 activation by antibodies
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Choice C: Covalent binding of C3b and C4b to pathogen surfaces is a safety mechanism of the complement system because it helps in targeting pathogens specifically, enhancing opsonization, and preventing damage to host cells by limiting complement activation to the pathogen surface. C3b and C4b form stable covalent bonds with the pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes. This mechanism ensures that complement activation is directed towards the pathogen and not host cells, thus maintaining immune homeostasis.

Summary:
A: Binding C5a to plasma inhibitors is not a safety mechanism but a regulatory mechanism in the complement system.
B: Activation of complement only in the absence of pathogens is incorrect as the complement system can be activated in response to various stimuli, not just pathogens.
D: Suppression of C1 activation by antibodies is not a safety mechanism but a regulatory mechanism involving the classical pathway of complement activation.

Which of the following would help a client with allergic skin reaction reduce itching and maintain intact skin?

  • A. Humidifying the environment
  • B. Avoiding a skin lubricant
  • C. Bathing with a bar soap that contains lye
  • D. Bathing with hot water
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Humidifying the environment helps to keep the skin moist reducing itching and preventing skin breakdown.

In the 1960s, smallpox was endemic:

  • A. In many developing countries
  • B. In North America
  • C. In England
  • D. Globally
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: In many developing countries. Smallpox was indeed endemic in many developing countries in the 1960s, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This is supported by historical records and epidemiological data from that time period. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because smallpox was not endemic in North America, England, or globally during the 1960s. Smallpox eradication efforts led to the global eradication of the disease in 1980, but in the 1960s, it was still prevalent in many developing countries.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.