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The nurse is assessing a client with diabetes and notes that the client has a strong odor of acetone on their breath. What action should the nurse take next?
- A. Check the client’s blood glucose level.
- B. Offer the client a glass of water.
- C. Assess the client's urine for signs of infection.
- D. Administer insulin immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The acetone odor on the breath is a sign of ketosis, which may indicate that the client’s blood glucose is elevated. Immediate blood glucose monitoring is needed.
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A 72-year-old woman reports vaginal dryness that interferes with coitus. Her medical history includes type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Medications are glyburide, chlorthalidone, and acetaminophen. What would be your first step in therapy?
- A. Stop glyburide
- B. Stop chlorthalidone
- C. Stop acetaminophen
- D. Start topical vaginal lubricant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Topical vaginal lubricants can help alleviate vaginal dryness and improve sexual function.
Mr. B is an 82-year-old enrolled in your primary care clinic panel. His wife is his primary caregiver and feels stressed and overwhelmed. What option would be appropriate for Mr. B except:
- A. Adult day program
- B. Assisted living
- C. Skilled nursing facility
- D. In-home paid care provider
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skilled nursing facilities are typically for patients who require higher levels of medical care, which may not be needed for Mr. B.
Children born with Down syndrome often have other anomalies. They especially require evaluation of what body system?
- A. Orthopedic
- B. Gastrointestinal
- C. Cardiac
- D. Endocrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome often have congenital heart defects.
When assessing a patient's condition, which of the following scenarios would be considered critical trauma?
- A. An elderly woman has fallen and has broken her collarbone.
- B. A 32-year-old man has cut his hand with a kitchen knife.
- C. A child has sustained a fracture of his femur.
- D. A teenager has fallen from a height of greater than 20 feet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A fall from a height greater than 20 feet is considered critical trauma.
An example of synovial joints would be:
- A. Vertebrate bodies of the spine
- B. Scalp
- C. Shoulder
- D. Pubic symphysis of the pelvis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The shoulder is an example of a synovial joint, which allows for a wide range of motion.