Nokea
The nurse is assessing a patient for possible atopic dermatitis. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review?
- A. IgE
- B. IgA
- C. Basophils
- D. Neutrophils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Serum IgE causes the symptoms of allergic reactions and is elevated in type 1 hypersensitivity disorders. The eosinophil level will be elevated, rather than neutrophil or basophil counts. IgA is located in body secretions and would not be tested when evaluating a patient who has symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
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The nurse is admitting a patient to hospital who has acute rejection of an organ transplant. Which of the following patients is the most appropriate roommate?
- A. A patient who has viral pneumonia
- B. A patient with second-degree burns
- C. A patient who is recovering from an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting
- D. A patient with graft-versus-host disease after a recent bone marrow transplant
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Treatment for a patient with acute rejection includes administration of additional immunosuppressants, and the patient should not be exposed to increased risk for infection as would occur from patients with viral pneumonia, graft-versus-host disease, and burns. There is no increased exposure to infection from a patient with anaphylaxis.
The nurse is conducting an annual health examination on an older adult patient who states, 'I don't understand why I need to have so many cancer screening tests now. I feel just fine!' Based upon this statement, which of the following topics will the nurse include in the patients' teaching plan?
- A. Consequences of aging on cell-mediated immunity
- B. Decrease in antibody production associated with aging
- C. Impact of poor nutrition on immune function in older people
- D. Incidence of cancer-stimulating infections in older individuals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary impact of aging on immune function is on the activity of T cells, which are responsible for tumour immunity. Antibody function is not impacted as much by aging and does not protect against malignancy. Poor nutrition does contribute to decreased immunity, but there is no evidence that it is a contributing factor for this patient. Although some types of cancers are associated with specific infections, this patient does not have an active infection.
The nurse is caring for a patient in the outpatient clinic who has an immune deficiency involving the T-lymphocytes. Which of the following areas should the nurse teach the patient about the need for more frequent screening?
- A. Allergies
- B. Malignancy
- C. Antibody deficiency
- D. Autoimmune disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for the recognition and destruction of cancer cells. Allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders, and antibody deficiencies are mediated primarily by humoral immunity.
Which of the following antibodies is involved with an anaphylactic reaction?
- A. IgE
- B. IgA
- C. IgM
- D. IgG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Serum IgE causes the symptoms of allergic reactions and is the antibody involved with an anaphylactic reaction.
A patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is scheduled for plasmapheresis. Which of the following pathophysiological events should the nurse plan to teach the patient about this procedure?
- A. It eliminates eosinophils and basophils from blood
- B. It removes antibody-antigen complexes from circulation
- C. It prevents foreign antibodies from damaging various body tissues.
- D. It decreases the damage to organs caused by attacking T-lymphocytes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasmapheresis is used in SLE to remove antibodies, antibody-antigen complexes, and complement from blood. T-lymphocytes, foreign antibodies, eosinophils, and basophils do not contribute to the tissue damage in SLE.