Nokea
The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient in the second trimester who is complaining of leg cramps. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
- A. Encourage the patient to take a hot bath to relieve the cramps.
- B. Instruct the patient to elevate her legs while resting.
- C. Recommend regular stretching exercises to prevent cramps.
- D. Suggest that the patient take calcium supplements to prevent cramps.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Elevating her legs while resting helps improve circulation and reduce the risk of leg cramps in pregnant patients. This position promotes blood flow and reduces the pressure on the blood vessels. Choices A and D do not directly address improving circulation or reducing pressure on blood vessels. Choice C, while beneficial in general, may not provide immediate relief for the current leg cramps. Therefore, elevating the legs while resting is the most appropriate intervention for the pregnant patient experiencing leg cramps in the second trimester.
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A pregnant patient at 36 weeks gestation reports feeling short of breath when lying flat. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer oxygen and prepare the patient for delivery.
- B. Encourage the patient to sit up and rest in a more upright position.
- C. Ask the patient to perform deep breathing exercises to improve oxygen flow.
- D. Instruct the patient to take shallow breaths and avoid exertion.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because positioning the pregnant patient in a more upright position can help alleviate the shortness of breath by allowing the diaphragm to move more freely, reducing pressure on the lungs, and improving oxygenation. This action promotes optimal oxygen flow and comfort for the patient.
A: Administering oxygen and preparing for delivery may be necessary in some cases but does not address the immediate need to alleviate shortness of breath caused by the supine position.
C: Deep breathing exercises may not be effective in relieving shortness of breath caused by the supine position and may even exacerbate the discomfort.
D: Instructing the patient to take shallow breaths and avoid exertion does not address the underlying cause of shortness of breath and may not provide adequate relief.
Of what is the normal umbilical cord comprised?
- A. 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood away from the fetus
- B. 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus
- C. 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus
- D. 2 arteries carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The umbilical cord is comprised of 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus.
The patient who has received a dose of preservative-free morphine (Duramorph) is beginning to experience pruritus. Which medication is used to treat this?
- A. Low-dose naloxone infusion
- B. Diphenhydramine
- C. Dilaudid
- D. Sublimaze
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diphenhydramine. Pruritus is a common side effect of opioids like morphine. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, can help alleviate itching by blocking histamine receptors. Low-dose naloxone infusion (A) is used to reverse opioid overdose, not treat pruritus. Dilaudid (C) and Sublimaze (D) are also opioids and would not be effective in treating pruritus caused by morphine. Diphenhydramine is the most appropriate choice for addressing this specific symptom.
Which is equivalent to a 2 oz protein serving?
- A. 4 tbsp peanut butter
- B. 2 eggs
- C. 1 cup cooked lima beans
- D. 2 ounces mixed nuts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Two eggs are equivalent to a 2 oz protein serving, providing approximately 12 grams of protein.
Where is the usual location for implantation of the zygote?
- A. Upper section of the posterior uterine wall
- B. Lower portion of the uterus near the cervical os
- C. Inner third of the fallopian tube near the uterus
- D. Lateral aspect of the uterine wall
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The zygote usually implants in the upper section of the posterior uterine wall.