Nokea
The nurse is assessing four clients in the skin clinic for skin cancer. Which client is of highest risk for skin cancer?
- A. The client who tans easily
- B. The client with dark-colored skin
- C. The client with psoriasis
- D. The client with scar tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse is correct to identify that clients with scar tissue are prone to malignant changes of the skin. Fair-skinned clients or those with decreased melanin are at a higher risk for skin cancer. A client with psoriasis is not at an increased risk for skin cancer.
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The nurse is caring for a client with a suspicious lesion on the client's head. The lesion is sore and resembles basal cell carcinoma. Which client finding is a risk factor for developing skin cancer?
- A. The client is a 2 pack/day cigarette smoker.
- B. The client has androgenetic alopecia.
- C. The client frequently works wearing hats.
- D. The client has a history of cystic acne.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct to identify that the client with androgenetic alopecia or male pattern baldness is at risk for skin cancer. Due to the skin being exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of the sun, the client is at risk for malignant skin changes. Smoking cigarettes is a risk factor for many other types of cancer. Wearing hats and having acne is not a risk factor for skin cancer.
The nurse is caring for a client in need of a blood transfusion. The client's family member wants to be considered to donate blood. The nurse notes that the family member has several tattoos and asks the family member when and where the last tattoo was obtained. If the family member obtained the last tattoo on February 14, 2021, in a state that does not regulate tattoo facilities, after which date would the family member be eligible to donate blood?
- A. After February 28, 2021
- B. After May 14, 2021
- C. After March 14, 2021
- D. After April 14, 2021
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Red Cross (2021) rejects potential blood donors who have received a tattoo within 3 months if the tattoo was applied in a state that does not regulate tattoo facilities. Therefore, the earliest that the client's family member would be able to give blood is May 14, 2021. Two weeks, 1 month, and 2 months are insufficient amounts of time to wait after receiving a tattoo in a state that does not regulate tattoo facilities.
A client receives treatment for a dermatophyte infection of the toenail. How would the nurse document this condition in the chart?
- A. Pediculosis
- B. Tinea pedis
- C. Onychomycosis
- D. Onychocryptosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Onychomycosis is a dermatophyte infection of the fingernails or the toenails. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice. Tinea pedis is athlete's foot. Onychocryptosis is a medical term for an ingrown toenail.
The nurse is assessing a client experiencing an exacerbation of plaque psoriasis. The nurse assesses the area and documents a proliferation of which cell type?
- A. Dermal
- B. Epidermal
- C. Endothelial
- D. Epithelial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct to document that the proliferation of skin cells occurs in the first layer of skin cells, the epidermis. In the epidermal layer, there is rapid turnover of the cells. The dermis is under the epidermis. Endothelial is the layer on the inside such as the interior of the blood vessel. Epithelial are on the outside or coating of walls.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with herpes zoster. Which statement by the client needs further clarification by the nurse?
- A. Even though this is from a childhood disease, I am still contagious.
- B. Herpes zoster is caused by a viral infection.
- C. Herpes zoster is a reactivation of the varicella virus.
- D. Once I get the infection, I cannot get it again.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse is correct to clarify that even though the client has herpes zoster, the client can get herpes zoster again. The virus is contagious and can reoccur. All of the other options are accurate statements that demonstrate the client's understanding.