Nokea
The nurse is assessing mental health in children. Which of the following statements is true?
- A. All aspects of mental health in children are interrelated.
- B. Children are highly labile and unstable until the age of 2 years.
- C. Until the age of 7 years, children's mental health is largely a function of their parents' mental health.
- D. Children's mental health is impossible to assess until they develop the ability to concentrate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because all aspects of mental health in children are indeed interrelated. Mental health encompasses various components such as emotional, social, and psychological well-being, which are interconnected and influence each other. Understanding and assessing mental health in children require considering the holistic picture.
Choice B is incorrect because children are not inherently labile and unstable until the age of 2 years. Choice C is incorrect as children's mental health is influenced by various factors beyond just their parents' mental health. Choice D is incorrect because mental health assessment in children can be done using age-appropriate methods even before they develop the ability to concentrate.
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An example of objective information obtained during the physical assessment includes the patient's:
- A. history of allergies.
- B. use of medications at home.
- C. last menstrual period.
- D. 2 cm x 5 cm scar present on the right forearm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the presence of a physical characteristic like a scar is an objective finding that can be directly observed and measured during a physical assessment. This information is not subject to interpretation or bias. In contrast, choices A, B, and C involve subjective information that relies on the patient's report or memory, making them less reliable and objective. History of allergies (A) and use of medications (B) are subjective and based on the patient's self-report, while last menstrual period (C) is also subjective and may not always be accurate. Therefore, choice D is the only objective piece of information among the options provided.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention activity?
- A. Routine immunizations
- B. Health screenings such as mammograms
- C. Smoking cessation programs
- D. Health education on healthy eating
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Health screenings such as mammograms, because secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases to prevent progression. Health screenings help identify conditions at early stages, allowing for timely intervention. Routine immunizations (A) are considered primary prevention as they prevent diseases from occurring. Smoking cessation programs (C) and health education on healthy eating (D) are examples of primary prevention, as they aim to prevent the development of diseases by promoting healthy behaviors.
A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following dietary changes should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Increase intake of foods high in sodium.
- B. Decrease intake of saturated fats.
- C. Increase intake of processed foods.
- D. Decrease intake of fiber.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease intake of saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise cholesterol levels, leading to increased risk of heart disease and hypertension. Decreasing intake of saturated fats can help lower blood pressure.
Incorrect choices:
A: Increasing intake of foods high in sodium can worsen hypertension by increasing blood pressure.
C: Increasing intake of processed foods often leads to higher sodium and saturated fat intake, worsening hypertension.
D: Decreasing intake of fiber is not ideal as fiber helps in maintaining a healthy weight and managing blood pressure.
Which of the following best describes a proficient nurse?
- A. A nurse who has little experience with a specified population and uses rules to guide performance
- B. A nurse who has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and quickly identifies the accurate solution
- C. A nurse who sees actions in the context of daily plans for patients
- D. A nurse who sees a patient's situation as a whole, with long-term goals for the patient, rather than as a list of tasks to be performed
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a proficient nurse should have a holistic view of the patient's situation, focusing on long-term goals rather than just completing tasks. This approach ensures comprehensive care and better outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as it implies reliance on rules over experience. Choice B is incorrect because intuition alone may not always lead to the best solution. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes daily plans rather than long-term goals.
A nurse is teaching a patient with a history of hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- B. I will take my medication as prescribed.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure is normal.
- D. I will reduce my sodium intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it indicates a misunderstanding about hypertension management. Patients should continue taking medication even if blood pressure is normal to prevent future complications. Monitoring blood pressure regularly (A) is important for tracking progress. Taking medication as prescribed (B) is crucial for controlling blood pressure. Reducing sodium intake (D) helps lower blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as stopping medication prematurely can lead to uncontrolled hypertension.