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The nurse is assessing the anxiety level of a young school-age child. The nurse encourages the child to express feelings through the use of toys in a play situation. The purpose for this approach to assessment is largely related to which of the following?
- A. The child has cognitive impairment and has limited vocabulary skills.
- B. The child has not been intellectually stimulated and can only express self through play.
- C. Children may not have developed the language to fully describe their feelings.
- D. Children will not express themselves openly unless instructed to do so by parents.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A client's age can influence how he or she expresses illness. A young child may lack the understanding and ability to describe his or her feelings, which may make management of the disorder more challenging.
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Which of the following statements about spirituality are true? Select all that apply.
- A. Many clients with mental disorders have disturbing religious delusions.
- B. Religious activities have been shown to be linked with better health and a sense of well-being.
- C. Spirituality only involves religion.
- D. Hope and faith are two critical factors in psychiatric and physical rehabilitation.
- E. Spirituality may include a relationship with the environment.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Spirituality encompasses beliefs about life's meaning, including religious practices, hope, faith, and environmental connections, and is linked to better health outcomes.
The nurse is preparing to administer PRN medication to a client of Japanese descent who is anxious. The prescription reads, 'Alprazolam (Xanax) 0.25 to 1.0 mg PO PRN.' The best dose for the nurse to give initially is
- A. 0.25 mg.
- B. 0.5 mg.
- C. 0.75 mg.
- D. 1.0 mg.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persons of Asian descent often metabolize drugs more slowly, requiring lower doses to produce therapeutic effects and minimize side effects.
Several family members arrive to visit an African American client. The nurse can best meet this client's need for socialization by providing the client and family which of the following?
- A. Individual visits to provide the client with a calm environment
- B. Group gatherings and open conversation
- C. Inclusion of ritualistic health practices with the family present
- D. A spiritual healer to remove the illness and protect the family
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: African American families often provide support through animated group interactions and public affection.
Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the age at onset of a mental illness such as schizophrenia?
- A. Persons who are diagnosed at a younger age will more likely have a poorer outcome.
- B. Persons who are diagnosed at a younger age will more likely have a better outcome.
- C. Age at diagnosis is not related to outcomes.
- D. Younger clients have more experiences that will help them.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persons who are diagnosed with schizophrenia at a younger age at onset have poorer outcomes, such as more negative signs and less effective coping skills, than do people with a later age at onset.
Genetics have been shown to play which of the following roles in a person's mental and emotional health?
- A. Several mental disorders appear to run in families.
- B. Specific genes have been linked to certain mental disorders.
- C. Biologic factors can be modified to change the influence on emotional health.
- D. Psychiatric treatment is effective regardless of an individual's biologic influences.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although specific genetic links have not been identified for several mental disorders, research has shown that disorders like bipolar disorder, major depression, and alcoholism tend to appear more frequently in families.