The Hematologic System ATI

The Hematologic System ATI Related

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The nurse is assisting with the collection of data from a patient with a hematologic disorder. On which body system should the nurse expect to focus when collecting this data?

  • A. Respiratory
  • B. Genitourinary
  • C. Cardiovascular
  • D. All body systems
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All body systems. When assessing a patient with a hematologic disorder, the nurse needs to consider the impact on multiple body systems. Hematologic disorders can affect the cardiovascular system (such as anemia or clotting disorders), respiratory system (such as decreased oxygen-carrying capacity), genitourinary system (such as kidney dysfunction in conditions like hemolytic uremic syndrome), and other systems. By focusing on all body systems, the nurse ensures a comprehensive assessment to identify any potential complications or manifestations related to the hematologic disorder. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because hematologic disorders can have implications beyond these specific systems, necessitating a more holistic approach to data collection.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin factor VIII therapy to treat hemophilia A. When administering factor VIII, which of the following actions should the nurse take?

  • A. Administer the powdered form orally.
  • B. Premedicate with aspirin.
  • C. Administer it via rapid IV bolus.
  • D. Have emergency equipment ready.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because having emergency equipment ready is crucial due to the risk of allergic reactions or complications associated with factor VIII therapy. This includes supplies for managing anaphylaxis or other adverse reactions, such as epinephrine, antihistamines, and airway support. Administering the powdered form orally (A) is incorrect as factor VIII is given intravenously. Premedicating with aspirin (B) is contraindicated as aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding. Administering it via rapid IV bolus (C) is dangerous as it can lead to adverse effects like hypotension or clotting. Having emergency equipment ready ensures prompt and effective management of any potential complications.

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic stable angina. The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs inhibits the action of adenosine diphosphate receptors (ADP) on platelets and can be prescribed to reduce the client's risk for myocardial infarction?

  • A. Clopidogrel
  • B. Heparin
  • C. Warfarin
  • D. Alteplase
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. Clopidogrel inhibits ADP receptors on platelets, reducing platelet aggregation and clot formation.
2. By reducing platelet aggregation, clopidogrel decreases the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with chronic stable angina.
3. Heparin acts by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa, not ADP receptors.
4. Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, not ADP receptors.
5. Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent that dissolves blood clots, not an ADP receptor inhibitor.

Virchow's node receives lymphatics from all except:

  • A. testes
  • B. stomach
  • C. prostate
  • D. breast
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Virchow's node is a left supraclavicular lymph node that typically receives lymphatics from abdominal organs. The correct answer is C: prostate because the prostate is not an abdominal organ and does not drain into Virchow's node. The other choices, A: testes, B: stomach, and D: breast, all drain into the abdominal lymphatic system, making them potential sources of lymphatic drainage to Virchow's node.

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin therapy with recombinant factor IX to treat hemophilia B. The client asks the nurse about the risk of disease transmission with recombinant factor IX as compared with plasma derived factor IX. The nurse should explain that the recombinant factor IX practically eliminates the risk for which of the following?

  • A. HIV
  • B. Cytomegalovirus
  • C. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • D. Anaphylaxis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Recombinant factor IX is produced synthetically, not from human blood, hence no risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
2. HIV and cytomegalovirus can still be present in plasma-derived factor IX.
3. Anaphylaxis risk is not eliminated by using recombinant factor IX.

RBCs break into fragments, they are referred to as schistocytes. These type of cells are seen in

  • A. Sickle cell trait
  • B. Thalassemia
  • C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
  • D. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Schistocytes are fragmented red blood cells seen in conditions where RBCs are physically sheared or damaged as they pass through small blood vessels. In microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, abnormal or damaged blood vessels cause mechanical destruction of RBCs, leading to the formation of schistocytes. Sickle cell trait (A) and Thalassemia (B) are genetic disorders that do not typically cause schistocytes. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (D) is a condition characterized by low platelet count, not associated with schistocytes.

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