Nokea
The nurse is assisting with the preparation of a blood transfusion for a patient. Which type of fluid should the nurse select to transfuse with the blood?
- A. 0.9% normal saline
- B. Dextrose 5% and water
- C. Dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline
- D. Dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 0.9% normal saline. When preparing a blood transfusion, it is essential to select a compatible fluid that will not cause hemolysis of the red blood cells. Normal saline is isotonic and compatible with blood, making it the ideal choice. Dextrose solutions can cause hemolysis and should not be used for blood transfusions. Choice B and C contain dextrose, which is not suitable for blood transfusions. Choice D contains a lower concentration of normal saline, which may not be as effective in maintaining the osmotic balance of the blood cells. Therefore, selecting 0.9% normal saline ensures the safety and integrity of the transfused blood.
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Waldeyer's ring does not include:
- A. faucal tonsils
- B. submandibular glands
- C. adenoids
- D. lingual tonsils
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: submandibular glands. Waldeyer's ring consists of a ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx, including the palatine tonsils (faucal tonsils), adenoids, and lingual tonsils. Submandibular glands are salivary glands located beneath the mandible and are not part of Waldeyer's ring. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are all components of Waldeyer's ring.
The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient's arterial blood gas analysis. What should the nurse recognize as being a normal blood pH?
- A. 7.29
- B. 7.31
- C. 7.38
- D. 7.48
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal blood pH range is 7.35-7.45. Choice C (7.38) falls within this range, indicating a normal pH level. Choices A (7.29) and D (7.48) are outside the normal range, indicating acidosis and alkalosis, respectively. Choice B (7.31) is slightly below the normal range, indicating mild acidosis. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it represents a normal blood pH level within the appropriate range.
What is the nurse's priority when caring for a client who just completed a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
- A. Teach the client to avoid activity for 24 to 48 hours to prevent infection.
- B. Administer a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to promote comfort.
- C. Check the pressure dressing frequently for signs of excessive or active bleeding.
- D. Report the laboratory results to the primary health care provider.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Check the pressure dressing frequently for signs of excessive or active bleeding. This is the priority because post bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, there is a risk of bleeding due to the procedure. By checking the dressing, the nurse can assess for any signs of excessive bleeding or hematoma formation, which are crucial to prevent complications.
A: Teaching the client to avoid activity is important but not the priority immediately post-procedure.
B: Administering NSAIDs may not be appropriate as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
D: Reporting the lab results is important but not the priority over ensuring immediate post-procedure safety.
Cooley's anemia is:
- A. Sickle cell an.
- B. thalassemia major
- C. high ESR
- D. aplastic an.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cooley's anemia is another term for thalassemia major, a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production leading to severe anemia. The correct answer is B because Cooley's anemia specifically refers to thalassemia major. Sickle cell anemia (A) is a different genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin shape. High ESR (C) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and does not directly relate to Cooley's anemia. Aplastic anemia (D) is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, not related to Cooley's anemia.
A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is receiving information from the oncology nurse. The patient asks the nurse why she should stop drinking and smoking and stay out of the sun. What would be the nurse's best response?
- A. Everyone should do these things because they're health promotion activities that apply to everyone.
- B. You don't want to develop a second cancer, do you?
- C. You need to do this just to be on the safe side.
- D. It's important to reduce other factors that increase the risk of second cancers.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reducing factors that increase the risk of second cancers is crucial for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure are known risk factors for developing secondary cancers. By avoiding these behaviors, the patient can lower the chances of developing another cancer. Choice A is incorrect as it does not specifically address the patient's situation. Choice B uses fear tactics and may not be the most effective way to educate the patient. Choice C is vague and does not provide a clear rationale. Overall, choice D is the best response as it directly addresses the patient's concern and provides a logical explanation for the importance of changing these behaviors.