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The nurse is aware that the drug t-PA a tissue plasminogen activator, must be given within how many hours of the onset of symptoms to have maximum benefit?
- A. 3 hours
- B. 4 hours
- C. 6 hours
- D. 8 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: t-PA must be given within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms to be beneficial.
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The nurse assures an anxious family member of a 92-year-old patient who is demonstrating signs of dementia that many causes of dementia are reversible and preventable. Which disorder is one example?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Diabetes
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some forms of dementia are reversible. Dementia caused by hypotension, anemia, drug toxicity, metabolic disturbance, and malnutrition can all be corrected to abolish the dementia.
The newly admitted patient to the emergency room 30 minutes ago after a fall off a ladder has gradually decreased in consciousness and has slowly reacting pupils, a widening pulse pressure, and verbal responses that are slow and unintelligible. Which position is most appropriate for the patient?
- A. Neck placed in a neutral position.
- B. Head raised slightly with hips flexed.
- C. Supine in gravity neutral position.
- D. Turn on right side with head elevated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is experiencing increased intracranial pressure. To assist with reducing the intracranial pressure, place the patient's neck in a neutral position (not flexed or extended) to promote venous drainage.
Which symptom is specific to migraine headaches?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. They become worse in the evening
- C. They involve the entire head
- D. They are preceded by an aura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Migraine headaches are unusual in that signs and symptoms occur before the acute attack.
___ is/are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses.
Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) function to conduct transmission between the synapses.
For which reason is a 'drug holiday' used in the treatment of Parkinson disease?
- A. Change all drugs.
- B. Allow the natural dopamine levels to rise.
- C. Restart drugs at a lower dosage with favorable results.
- D. Reduce the extrapyramidal symptoms.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 'drug holiday' is a period when all drugs are withdrawn from the person with Parkinson disease. The drugs are then restarted at a lower dose with favorable results.