Chronic Disease Questions

Chronic Disease Questions Related

Review Chronic Disease Questions related questions and content

The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer. She requested a breast tumor marking test and the results have come back positive. As a result, the patient is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of what type of oncologic surgery?

  • A. Salvage surgery
  • B. Palliative surgery
  • C. Prophylactic surgery
  • D. Reconstructive surgery
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A bilateral mastectomy here is prophylactic removing nonvital breasts to prevent cancer in a high-risk patient with a positive tumor marker and family history. It's about risk reduction, not treatment of existing disease. Salvage surgery tackles recurrence after a less aggressive initial approach, like resecting a regrown tumor. Palliative surgery eases symptoms (e.g., pain from obstruction) in advanced cases, not prevention. Reconstructive surgery restores form or function post-treatment, like breast reconstruction after curative mastectomy. Prophylactic fits this preemptive strike, driven by genetic or familial risk (e.g., BRCA mutations), a growing trend in oncology to outpace cancer's onset, guided by nurses supporting informed, tough choices.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has recently diagnosed with left ventricular heart failure. What is an early sign the client is most likely to report?

  • A. Dyspnea on exertion
  • B. Abdominal distention
  • C. Swollen legs
  • D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Left ventricular failure backs blood into lungs dyspnea on exertion hits early as fluid seeps, taxing breathing during activity, a telltale sign before systemic effects. Abdominal distention or leg swelling marks right-sided or late failure. Weight gain tracks fluid, not initial. Nurses catch dyspnea, educating clients to report it, key to early management in this progressive pump failure.

According to Johnson and Chang (2014) the role of the nurse and other health professions in chronic disease is to:

  • A. Support the person in managing their condition more effectively
  • B. Provide care to manage the disease process
  • C. Ensure the patient takes their medications and avoids all risk factors
  • D. Decide as a team on the best approach to manage the condition and direct the implementation of this care
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurses in chronic care empower supporting self-management beats just treating, enforcing meds, or dictating plans. It's about patients steering their diabetes or asthma, with pros as guides, not bosses. Care's given, compliance nudged, teams plan, but support's the heart, a chronic win where autonomy rules.

Which of the following models view disability as directly caused by disease or trauma?

  • A. Social
  • B. Nursing
  • C. Medical
  • D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The medical model pins disability on disease or injury fix the body, fix the problem a view nurses use for acute hits. Social blames society's gaps; nursing, collaborative blend care angles, not cause. It's a chronic lens shift, body-first.

Which is FALSE regarding PCP pneumonia in AIDS?

  • A. it is usually only seen when the CD4 count <200
  • B. prophylaxis should be given in all pts with CD4 count <200
  • C. CXR characteristically shows bilateral diffuse infiltrates
  • D. Once a patient has had it they are unlikely to get it again
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: PCP relapse haunts AIDS CD4 <200 stays vulnerable, not a one-off. Prophylaxis holds below 200, CXR's diffuse or blank 20%, all true. Nurses know this chronic lung leech bites again sans lifelong guard.

The nurse is caring for a 65-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and chest discomfort. The client has not been feeling well for the past few days and complains of a productive cough of blood-tinged sputum. Laboratory tests reveal an elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and chest x-ray reveals pulmonary congestion. Based on the assessment findings, which of the following diagnosis are consistent with these findings?

  • A. Heart failure (left-sided)
  • B. Lung cancer
  • C. Heart failure (right-sided)
  • D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elevated BNP and pulmonary congestion plus dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis point to left-sided heart failure, where ventricle falters, flooding lungs with fluid. Lung cancer might bleed but lacks BNP spike. Right-sided failure swells periphery, not lungs initially. Pulmonary embolism clots, not congests, with normal BNP. Nurses link this to left heart strain, anticipating diuretics, a diagnosis fitting this wet-lung picture.

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