Nokea
The nurse assesses a patient who is receiving interleukin-2. Which finding should the nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
- A. Generalized muscle aches
- B. Crackles heard at the lung bases
- C. Complaints of nausea and anorexia
- D. Oral temperature of 100.6°F (38.1°C)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IL-2 can spark capillary leak crackles at lung bases signal pulmonary edema, an emergency needing fast action over aches , nausea , or low fever , all common. Nurses in oncology flag this fluid in lungs kills quick, demanding stat calls.
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The nurse is teaching the parents of a 15-year-old who is being treated for acute myelogenous leukemia about the side effects of chemotherapy. For which of the following symptoms should the parents seek medical care immediately?
- A. Earache, stiff neck or sore throat
- B. Blisters, ulcers or a rash appear
- C. A temperature of 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit
- D. Difficulty or pain when swallowing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia suppresses the immune system by reducing white blood cell production, leaving the child highly susceptible to infections. A fever of 101.5°F is a critical sign in this context, as it may indicate an infection that, without a functioning immune response, could rapidly progress to sepsis a life-threatening condition. Parents must seek immediate medical care to evaluate and treat the underlying cause, often requiring emergency department intervention. While earache, stiff neck, or sore throat could suggest infection, they are less urgent without fever and may not necessitate immediate action unless severe. Blisters, ulcers, or rashes might reflect chemotherapy side effects like mucositis or drug reactions, manageable with outpatient care unless infected. Difficulty swallowing could stem from mucositis or infection, but fever trumps it in urgency due to its systemic implications. Educating parents to prioritize fever ensures timely intervention, aligning with oncology nursing's focus on preventing complications in immunocompromised pediatric patients.
A general practitioner (GP) advises an overweight patient to go to the gym to work out. Question: This advice is an example of which type of prevention?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gym nudge for overweight primary, stops diabetes before it starts, not screening or late fixes. Nurses push this, a chronic preemptive strike.
Glycaemic profiles of people with diabetes varies with all EXCEPT:
- A. Diet
- B. Exercise
- C. Stress
- D. Monitoring of blood glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sugar swings food, sweat, drugs, checks shift it; dress' is a typo for stress, but stress fits, not fabric. Nurses track this chronic dance, not wardrobe.
The nurse is caring for a 65-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and chest discomfort. The client has not been feeling well for the past few days and complains of a productive cough of blood-tinged sputum. Laboratory tests reveal an elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and chest x-ray reveals pulmonary congestion. Based on the assessment findings, which of the following diagnosis are consistent with these findings?
- A. Heart failure (left-sided)
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Heart failure (right-sided)
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated BNP and pulmonary congestion plus dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis point to left-sided heart failure, where ventricle falters, flooding lungs with fluid. Lung cancer might bleed but lacks BNP spike. Right-sided failure swells periphery, not lungs initially. Pulmonary embolism clots, not congests, with normal BNP. Nurses link this to left heart strain, anticipating diuretics, a diagnosis fitting this wet-lung picture.
The best way to prevent chronic complications of Diabetes is to:
- A. Take medications as prescribed and remove sugar from the diet completely
- B. Check feet daily for cuts, long toe nails and infections between the toes
- C. Maintain a BGL that is as close to normal as possible
- D. Undertake daily exercise to burn up the excess glucose in the system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes' chronic woes tight BGL control trumps meds-no-sugar, foot checks, or exercise alone, cutting nerve, eye, kidney hits. Nurses push this, a sugar-steered win.