Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse is most correct to correlate the client's uncontrolled tremors as a physical characteristic of a lack of which neurotransmitter?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Norepinephrine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Acetylcholine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common movement disorder. It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and imbalance. Low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine have been linked to the uncontrollable tremors. The other neurotransmitters are not related to Parkinson disease.
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What intervention should a nurse recommend for fostering effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness?
- A. Balanced diet
- B. Periodic checkup
- C. Nonprescribed sedative drug
- D. Daily exercise
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nurse should recommend a daily exercise program to reduce stimulating neurotransmitters and release endorphins and enkephalins. Diet and periodic checkups are not essential to foster effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness. It is essential for the client to avoid a nonprescribed sedative drug for self-treatment because it does not foster effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness.
The nurse is caring for a client on a behavioral health unit. What would support the theory that mental illness is a psychobiologic disorder?
- A. The client needs supervision in performing self-care.
- B. The client behavior improves with group therapy.
- C. The client has an alteration in neurotransmitter levels.
- D. The client has developed inappropriate interpersonal skills.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse is correct to confirm the biologic disorder of an alteration in neurotransmitter levels. The neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine often are implicated in the psychobiology of mental illness. Evaluating the client's need for personal assistance, behavior improvement with group therapy, and inappropriate interpersonal skills addresses behavior aspects alone.
The nurse is caring for a client in whom a psychological disorder is anticipated. Which assessment data would the nurse use to formulate report for the next shift? Select all that apply.
- A. Family history
- B. Mental status examination
- C. Laboratory/diagnostic testing
- D. Client statements
- E. Community report
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: The nurse would use verifiable data to report the client's condition to the next shift. Information from community sources may or may not be accurate.
Which of the following suggestions made by the nurse is most helpful in developing effective coping through the aging process?
- A. Make life decisions.
- B. Limit medication use.
- C. Avoid friends who are ill.
- D. Manage personal care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is correct to encourage the aging client to maintain a sense of control by making life decisions independently. Limiting medication use depends on the client's health. Avoiding friends can cause alienation. Managing personal care is helpful, if able, but not as important as making life decisions.
The client arrives at the emergency department reporting symptoms of heart palpitations, tightness in the chest, and epigastric pain after a stressful event. What system will the nurse correlate with the client symptoms?
- A. Respiratory system
- B. Autonomic nervous system
- C. Cardiopulmonary system
- D. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct to correlate stress and the symptoms, which stem from organs affected by the autonomic nervous system. Clients may present with heart palpitations, pounding headache, breathlessness, tightness in the chest, chest pain, chronic pain, irritability, epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort and bloating, or constipation and diarrhea. The respiratory system is affected by stress, but the client's symptoms do not correlate to the respiratory system. The symptoms extend beyond cardiopulmonary system effects. The central nervous system is involved in only the brain and the spinal cord effects.