Nokea
The epididymis:
- A. is comm
- B. shaped;
- C. is crossed by the deferent duct (vas deferens);
- D. displays tunica albuginea on the inside;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The epididymis is a structure where sperm mature and are stored.
Step 2: The deferent duct (vas deferens) carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
Step 3: Since the deferent duct crosses the epididymis, choice C is correct.
Summary: Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the anatomical relationship between the epididymis and the deferent duct.
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In order for milk to flow from the nipple of the mother into the mouth of the nursing infant, which of the following must occur?
- A. Myoepithelial cells must relax
- B. Prolactin levels must fall
- C. Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary must take place
- D. The baby’s mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because oxytocin is responsible for stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the alveoli in the mammary glands, causing milk ejection. This process is known as the let-down reflex. In contrast, choice A (myoepithelial cells must relax) is incorrect because they need to contract to push milk out. Choice B (prolactin levels must fall) is incorrect because prolactin is responsible for milk production, not milk ejection. Choice D (the baby's mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple) is incorrect because it is the mother's hormone release, not the baby's action, that causes milk flow.
Where does fertilization usually occur in the female reproductive system?
- A. Ovary
- B. Vesicular (Graafian) follicle
- C. Uterine (fallopian) tubes
- D. Uterus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the uterine (fallopian) tubes. This is where fertilization usually occurs as it is the site where the egg and sperm meet. The egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo will then travel to the uterus for implantation. The other choices are incorrect because fertilization does not typically occur in the ovary (A) or vesicular (Graafian) follicle (B). While the uterus (D) is where the embryo implants and develops into a fetus, fertilization itself does not occur there.
A nurse goes to a high school to teach students about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Which of the following is the best answer for providing information on the prevention of STIs?
- A. Have monogamous sex with an infected partner.
- B. Abstain from sexual activities.
- C. Wash any areas where there has been indirect contact with semen or vaginal mucus.
- D. Avoid protected sex until you and sexual partners have completed treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STIs.
The secretion of ovarian hormones is controlled by:
- A. the anterior pituitary;
- B. the hypothalamus;
- C. FSH;
- D. LH;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn regulate the secretion of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone). The anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH in response to GnRH from the hypothalamus. Therefore, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in controlling the secretion of ovarian hormones. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH but is not the primary controller, FSH is a hormone released by the anterior pituitary but is not the primary controller, and LH is released by the anterior pituitary but is not the primary controller of ovarian hormone secretion.
Which of the following structures is often referred to as the bag of water?
- A. Urinary bladder
- B. Gall bladder
- C. Amniotic sac
- D. Uterus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amniotic sac. This structure is often referred to as the "bag of water" because it is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the developing fetus during pregnancy. The amniotic sac provides cushioning and maintains a stable environment for the fetus to grow. It is essential for the baby's development and acts as a barrier against infections.
Choice A: Urinary bladder - This structure is responsible for storing urine and is not typically referred to as the bag of water.
Choice B: Gall bladder - This organ stores bile produced by the liver and aids in digestion, not related to pregnancy or fetal development.
Choice D: Uterus - While the uterus is involved in pregnancy and fetal development, it is not commonly referred to as the bag of water.