Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank Related

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The nurse is caring for a client who has just had a modified radical mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. She’s in her 30s and has two young children. Although she’s worried about her future, she seems to be adjusting well to her diagnosis. What should the nurse do to support her coping?

  • A. Tell the client’s spouse or partner to be supportive while she recovers.
  • B. Encourage the client to proceed with the next phase of treatment.
  • C. Recommend that the client remain cheerful for the sake of her children.
  • D. Refer the client to the American Cancer Society’s Reach for Recovery program or another support program.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Refer the client to the American Cancer Society’s Reach for Recovery program or another support program. This choice is the best option as it provides the client with additional support and resources specifically tailored to individuals coping with cancer and mastectomy. The Reach for Recovery program offers emotional support, education, and practical assistance which can immensely benefit the client during this challenging time.

A: Involving the client's spouse or partner is important, but support programs like Reach for Recovery can offer specialized assistance that may not be fully covered by the spouse's support alone.
B: While proceeding with the next phase of treatment is important, emotional support and coping mechanisms are equally crucial, which support programs can provide.
C: Asking the client to remain cheerful may put pressure on her and may not address her emotional needs adequately, unlike a support program that is designed to provide comprehensive support.

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A client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, “Which is the most common type of cancer in women?” The nurse replies that it’s breast cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?

  • A. Breast cancer
  • B. Lung cancer
  • C. Brain cancer
  • D. Colon and rectal cancer
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lung cancer. It causes the most deaths in women because it is often diagnosed at advanced stages when treatment options are limited. Breast cancer, although common, has a higher survival rate. Brain cancer is relatively rare compared to lung cancer. Colon and rectal cancer, while prevalent, do not surpass lung cancer in terms of mortality rates in women.

Which of the ff nursing interventions should a nurse perform when caring for a client with congestive heart failure who has decreased cardiac output?

  • A. Encourage activities that engage the Valsalva maneuver
  • B. Encourage the client to perform exercises
  • C. Assess apical heart before administering digitalis
  • D. Offer small frequent feedings
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess apical heart before administering digitalis. This is important because digitalis can slow down the heart rate, so it is crucial to monitor the client's heart rate before giving the medication to prevent further decrease in cardiac output. Encouraging activities that engage the Valsalva maneuver (A) is contraindicated in clients with congestive heart failure as it can lead to increased intra-thoracic pressure and decreased venous return, worsening cardiac output. Encouraging the client to perform exercises (B) may also increase cardiac workload and exacerbate symptoms. Offering small frequent feedings (D) is generally beneficial for clients with congestive heart failure to prevent overeating and promote easier digestion, but it does not directly address the decreased cardiac output concern in this scenario.

Which of the following outcomes would indicate successful treatment of diabetes insipidus?

  • A. Fluid intake of less than 2,500mL
  • B. Blood pressure of 90/50mmHg
  • C. Pulse rate of 126 beats/min
  • D. Urine output of more than 200mL/hour
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluid intake of less than 2,500mL. In diabetes insipidus, the body cannot properly regulate fluid balance, leading to excessive thirst and urination. Successful treatment aims to manage these symptoms by reducing fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Therefore, a decrease in fluid intake indicates successful treatment.

Explanation for incorrect choices:
B: Blood pressure of 90/50mmHg - Blood pressure is not directly related to the treatment of diabetes insipidus.
C: Pulse rate of 126 beats/min - Pulse rate is not a specific indicator of successful treatment for diabetes insipidus.
D: Urine output of more than 200mL/hour - In diabetes insipidus, excessive urine output is a symptom of the condition, so an increase in urine output does not indicate successful treatment.

A new nurse is completing an assessment on an 80-year-old patient who is alert and oriented. The patient’s daughter is present in the room. Which action by the nurse will require follow-up by the charge nurse?

  • A. The nurse makes eye contact with the patient.
  • B. The nurse speaks only to the patient’s daughter.
  • C. The nurse leans forward while talking with the patient.
  • D. The nurse nods periodically while the patient is speaking.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse should always prioritize communication with the patient, especially when the patient is alert and oriented. Speaking only to the patient's daughter could undermine the patient's autonomy and right to be involved in their care. It is important for the nurse to directly address the patient to gather accurate information and ensure patient-centered care. Making eye contact (A), leaning forward (C), and nodding periodically (D) are all appropriate communication techniques that show attentiveness and engagement with the patient, which are crucial in building rapport and trust.

For the first 72 hours thyroidectomy surgery, the nurse would assess the client for Chvostek’s sign and Trousseau’s sign because they indicate which of the following?

  • A. Hypocalcamia
  • B. hypokalemia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypocalcemia. Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign are both indicators of hypocalcemia, which is a common complication following thyroidectomy surgery due to potential damage to the parathyroid glands. Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve and observing facial muscle twitching, while Trousseau's sign involves carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure. Both signs are sensitive indicators of hypocalcemia due to their association with neuromuscular irritability. Hypercalcemia (option C) and hyperkalemia (option D) are not typically associated with thyroidectomy surgery and would not present with these specific signs. Hypokalemia (option B) is not related to Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign.

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