Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client with a central venous catheter (CVC). The nurse knows which of the following is a common symptom of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Fever and chills
- C. Productive cough
- D. Muscle spasms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever and chills are hallmark symptoms of CLABSI, indicating a systemic infection originating from the catheter site.
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The nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following conditions, if present in the client, should make the nurse concerned about the client developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
- A. Chronic, progressive visual loss
- B. Kaposi's sarcoma
- C. Wilms sarcoma
- D. Pulmonary tuberculosis
- E. Peripheral neuropathy
- F. Toxoplasma gondii
Correct Answer: B,D,F
Rationale: Kaposi's sarcoma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii are AIDS-defining conditions indicating progression to AIDS.
A client is upset because they just found out that they have syphilis. The client tells the nurse, 'This is so upsetting! Does everyone need to know?' Which of the following responses, if made by the nurse, is the most therapeutic?
- A. We need to report this diagnosis to the local public health department, and they will contact your past partners.
- B. According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), I can't tell anyone without your permission.
- C. You really should contact your sexual partners so they can be treated too.
- D. I understand you're upset. I'll stay here with you so that you can talk about it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reporting syphilis to the public health department is required for contact tracing, and this response addresses the client's concern while explaining the process.
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students infectious diseases that are reportable to the local health department. Which of the following conditions should be reported? Select all that apply.
- A. Bacterial vaginosis
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- D. Hepatitis A
- E. Syphilis
- F. Human Papilloma Virus infection (HPV)
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: HIV, Hepatitis A, and Syphilis are reportable to public health authorities due to their significant public health impact and potential for transmission.
A nurse is caring for a client who has Lyme disease. The nurse should request a prescription for which medication from the primary healthcare provider?
- A. finasteride
- B. doxycycline
- C. valacyclovir
- D. diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Doxycycline is the first-line antibiotic for treating Lyme disease due to its efficacy against Borrelia burgdorferi.
The nurse has attended a staff education program about caring for clients with acute osteomyelitis. Which of the following statements by the nurse would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. IV antibiotic therapy is typically given for seven to fourteen days.
- B. The most common cause of acute osteomyelitis is a virus.
- C. A significant fever is typically greater than 101°F (38.3°C).
- D. Petechiae on the affected extremity is a common finding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fever greater than 101°F is a common finding in acute osteomyelitis due to the inflammatory response.