Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client with a lower left lobe pulmonary abscess. Which position should the nurse instruct the client to maintain?
- A. left lateral
- B. Supine, knees flexed
- C. Dorsal recumbent
- D. Knee-chest
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The left lateral position promotes drainage of the abscess and improves ventilation.
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Clinical diagnostic clues in an adolescent female with chronic cough:
- A. Pale stools and diarrhoea
- B. Aspergillus precipitin positive
- C. Calcified bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
- D. Whooping cough in the past
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspergillus precipitin positive: A positive Aspergillus precipitin test indicates Aspergillus exposure, which could lead to chronic pulmonary issues, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Nystagmus can be a presenting sign in:
- A. Partial albinism
- B. Retinopathy of prematurity
- C. Acute vestibulitis
- D. Medulloblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medulloblastoma, a type of brain tumor, can present with nystagmus due to its impact on the cerebellum and brainstem.
Diagnostic signs of child abuse are:
- A. Sub-hyaloid bleeding
- B. Spiral fracture of a long bone
- C. Lacerated tongue
- D. Posterior rib fractures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Posterior rib fractures are highly suggestive of child abuse, as they are often caused by forceful squeezing or shaking.
Progressive spinal muscular atrophy of infancy presents with:
- A. Severe generalised weakness
- B. Fasciculations in the tongue
- C. Loss of spinothalamic tract function
- D. Spontaneous fibrillation on electromyography
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progressive spinal muscular atrophy presents with severe weakness and tongue fasciculations. Spinothalamic tract function is preserved, and electromyography shows fibrillation.
Childhood autism:
- A. Is commoner in boys
- B. Is characterised by extreme delay of social milestones
- C. Repetitive tasks are commonly performed
- D. Is characterised by extremely chaotic routines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly diagnosed in boys than girls, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1.