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The nurse is caring for a patient of Hispanicdescent who speaks no English. The nurse is working with an interpreter. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Use long sentences when talking.
- B. Look at the patient when talking.
- C. Use breaks in sentences when talking.
- D. Look at only nonverbal behaviors when talking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Look at the patient when talking. This is important because maintaining eye contact shows respect, builds trust, and enhances communication with the patient. By looking at the patient, the nurse can also observe nonverbal cues and ensure the patient is engaged in the conversation.
Choice A: Using long sentences can be overwhelming for a patient who may not understand the language, leading to miscommunication.
Choice C: Using breaks in sentences may help the interpreter better convey the message, but looking at the patient is more essential for effective communication.
Choice D: Looking at only nonverbal behaviors neglects the importance of eye contact and direct communication with the patient.
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A patient with a diagnosis of retinal detachment has undergone a vitreoretinal procedure on an outpatient basis. What subject should the nurse prioritize during discharge education?
- A. Risk factors for postoperative cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- B. Compensating for vision loss for the next several weeks
- C. Non-pharmacologic pain management strategies
- D. Signs and symptoms of increased intraocular pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Compensating for vision loss for the next several weeks. This is the priority subject for discharge education because vision loss is a common outcome post vitreoretinal procedure. The patient needs to understand how to adapt to this temporary impairment, such as using assistive devices and modifying their environment.
A: Risk factors for postoperative CMV is not the priority as it is not a common concern in this situation.
C: Non-pharmacologic pain management is important but not the priority compared to vision loss.
D: Signs and symptoms of increased intraocular pressure are important but not as crucial as managing vision loss.
Since the emergence of HIV/AIDS, there have been significant changes in epidemiologic trends. Members of what group currently have the greatest risk of contracting HIV?
- A. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
- B. Recreational drug users
- C. Blood transfusion recipients
- D. Health care providers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. This group currently has the highest risk of contracting HIV due to various factors such as higher prevalence within this population, risky sexual behaviors, and limited access to healthcare services. Men who have sex with men have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Recreational drug users and blood transfusion recipients have lower overall risk compared to men who have sex with men. Health care providers, although at risk of occupational exposure, have lower risk compared to the other groups mentioned.
A 52-year-old woman has just been told she has breast cancer and is scheduled for a modified mastectomy the following week. The nurse caring for this patient knows that she is anxious and fearful about the upcoming procedure and the newly diagnosed malignancy. How can the nurse most likely alleviate this patients fears?
- A. Provide written material on the procedure that has been scheduled for the patient.
- B. Provide the patient with relevant information about expected recovery.
- C. Give the patient current information on breast cancer survival rates.
- D. Offer the patient alternative treatment options.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide the patient with relevant information about expected recovery. This option addresses the patient's anxiety by providing her with concrete information about what to expect after the procedure. By knowing the expected recovery process, the patient can feel more in control and prepared, which can help alleviate fears.
Summary:
A: Providing written material on the procedure does not directly address the patient's fears about the upcoming surgery and cancer diagnosis.
C: Giving the patient current information on breast cancer survival rates may increase anxiety rather than alleviate it, as it focuses on statistics rather than the individual patient's concerns.
D: Offering alternative treatment options may not be appropriate at this stage when the patient is already scheduled for a modified mastectomy. It may add confusion and further anxiety.
When teaching patients about the risk factors of cervical cancer, what would the nurse identify as the most important risk factor?
- A. Late childbearing
- B. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- C. Postmenopausal bleeding
- D. Tobacco use
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer as it is responsible for almost all cases. Step 1: HPV infection can lead to changes in cervical cells, increasing the risk of cancer. Step 2: Early detection and vaccination against HPV can prevent cervical cancer. Step 3: Other factors like late childbearing, postmenopausal bleeding, and tobacco use may be associated with increased risk but are not as directly linked to cervical cancer development.
A nurse in a long-term care setting that is fundedby Medicare and Medicaid is completing standardized protocols for assessment and care planning for reimbursement. Which task is the nurse completing?
- A. A minimum data set
- B. An admission assessment and acuity level
- C. A focused assessment/specific body system
- D. An intake assessment form and auditing phase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A minimum data set. In a long-term care setting funded by Medicare and Medicaid, completing standardized protocols for assessment and care planning for reimbursement involves using a minimum data set, which is a standardized instrument for assessing residents' health status. This set of data elements is necessary for comprehensive assessment and care planning to ensure appropriate reimbursement. The other choices (B, C, D) do not specifically address the standardized protocols required for reimbursement in this setting. An admission assessment and acuity level would be part of the process, but not the primary task being completed in this scenario. A focused assessment on a specific body system or an intake assessment form and auditing phase are not synonymous with the standardized protocols needed for reimbursement in a Medicare/Medicaid-funded long-term care facility.