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The nurse is caring for a patient with left-sided lung cancer. Which finding would be most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?
- A. Hematocrit of 32%
- B. Pain with deep inspiration
- C. Serum sodium of 126 mEq/L
- D. Decreased breath sounds on left side
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lung cancer can spark SIADH sodium at 126 risks seizures, outpacing anemia , pleuritic pain , or expected breath loss . Nurses in oncology report this low sodium's a metabolic emergency, needing swift fix.
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Physical exertion improves the glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Question: Which intracellular process is the most likely explanation of this increase in glucose uptake?
- A. Increase of the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, which improves the insulin signal transduction
- B. Increase of the tyrosine phosphorylation of GLUT4-transporters which indices its translocation
- C. Increase of AMPK, which induces GLUT4 translocation
- D. Increase of AMPK, which induces IRS-1 phosphorylation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise boosts glucose AMPK flips GLUT4 out, no insulin needed, not IRS-1 or direct GLUT4 hits. Nurses see this, a chronic muscle mover.
During his internship at a general practice, a medical student is asked to check the blood glucose level in a 50-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes. The measurement is performed at a random moment and the carbohydrate intake has not been standardised before the measurement is taken. The result of the measurement is shown below. The general practitioner (GP) asks the student to report the result using standard medical terminology. Question: Which diagnosis is most consistent with the findings provided above?
- A. Hyperglycaemia
- B. Hypoglycaemia
- C. Hyperglycaemia with hyperosmolar state
- D. Normoglycaemia (euglycaemia)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Random high glucose in type 2 hyperglycaemia, no hypo, osmolar crash, or norm. Nurses call this, a chronic sugar spike.
The nurse obtains information about a hospitalized patient who is receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Which information about the patient alerts the nurse to discuss a possible change in cancer therapy with the health care provider?
- A. Frequent loose stools
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Elevated white blood count (WBC)
- D. Increased carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rising CEA screams colorectal cancer's dodging chemo tumor marker jumps mean progression, trumping GI woes (A, B) or high WBC (C maybe infection). Nurses in oncology push this CEA's a red flag, signaling therapy's failing, needing a switch.
Which of the following medication are utilized to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
- A. Antiplatelet drugs
- B. Diuretics
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PAD's clot risk loves antiplatelets like aspirin thinning blood, easing flow past plaques, a mainstay treatment. Diuretics drop fluid, not PAD's game. Antibiotics fight bugs, not here. Nitroglycerin dilates, less direct. Nurses push antiplatelets, cutting ischemia, a key med in this leg-saving fight.
Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in which of the following trajectory phases?
- A. Pretrajectory
- B. Onset
- C. Comeback
- D. Downward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Comeback phase kicks plans alive sustaining chronic care's path, not preventing, starting, or adapting decline. Nurses steer this, a rebound's drive.