Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the irreversible demineralization of the enamel and dentin, leading to cavitation and destruction of tooth structure?
- A. Gingivitis
- B. Dental caries
- C. Periodontitis
- D. Dental abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is characterized by the irreversible demineralization of the enamel and dentin due to acids produced by bacterial activity. This process leads to cavitation and destruction of the tooth structure, ultimately resulting in the formation of a cavity. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, periodontitis is inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of the teeth (gums, bone, and ligaments), and a dental abscess is a collection of pus in the tissues surrounding the tooth, none of which are specifically related to the irreversible demineralization of enamel and dentin seen in dental caries.
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A woman in active labor is diagnosed with uterine rupture. What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Preparing for immediate cesarean section
- B. Administering intravenous oxytocin to augment contractions
- C. Assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position
- D. Initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing action for a woman diagnosed with uterine rupture during labor is to prepare for immediate cesarean section. Uterine rupture is a serious obstetric emergency that can lead to severe maternal and fetal complications, including hemorrhage, fetal distress, and injury to both mother and baby. A cesarean section is necessary to deliver the baby promptly and address any potential complications, such as controlling bleeding and ensuring the safety of both the mother and the baby. Time is critical in these situations, and prompt surgical intervention is essential to optimize outcomes. Administering intravenous oxytocin or assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position would not address the immediate risks associated with uterine rupture. Initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is only necessary if the mother's condition deteriorates to the point of cardiac or respiratory arrest, which may occur as a result of significant hemorrhage or other complications associated with uterine
A document that lists the medical treatment a person chooses to refuse if unable to make decisions is the:
- A. Durable power of attorney
- B. Living will
- C. Informed consent
- D. Advance directives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A living will is a legal document that allows an individual to express their wishes regarding medical treatment in the event they become unable to make decisions. It specifically outlines the medical treatments a person chooses to refuse or accept under certain circumstances. It is important to differentiate a living will from a durable power of attorney, which designates someone to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the individual when they are unable to do so, and advance directives, which encompass both a living will and a durable power of attorney for healthcare. The living will serves as a guide for healthcare professionals and family members to honor the individual's preferences for medical care.
Primary care nursing is organized so that the patient is at the center of the structure. How many nurses have 24-hour responsibility for care planning and coordination?
- A. One
- B. Three
- C. Two
- D. Four
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In primary care nursing, typically, one nurse is designated to have 24-hour responsibility for care planning and coordination for each patient. This helps ensure continuity of care and accountability. By having one nurse overseeing all aspects of the patient's care, it allows for a more personalized and coordinated approach that puts the patient at the center of the care structure. Having one primary care nurse also promotes better communication, efficiency, and consistency in managing the patient's health and well-being.
The reasons for the nurse wishing to enhance his/her communication skill is to be able to establish Rapport, EXCEPT
- A. brings about change to promote well-being of patients
- B. decreased incidents
- C. gets better evaluation rating of care and delivery of legal problems
- D. generates threat between the nurse and the patient
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary goal of enhancing communication skills for a nurse is to establish rapport with patients, which can lead to better outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and improved quality of care. Generating a threat between the nurse and the patient is counterproductive to building rapport and does not align with the intention of enhancing communication skills in healthcare settings.
For Nurse Merle to continually practice nursing, she must satisfy the requirements set by the PRC and comply how many units of CPD upon renewal?
- A. 45 units
- B. 25 units
- C. 10 units
- D. 15 units
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in the Philippines requires nurses like Nurse Merle to comply with 45 units of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in order to renew their license and continually practice nursing. This is a mandatory requirement to ensure that nurses stay updated with the latest advancements, skills, and knowledge in the field of nursing. By completing the required CPD units, Nurse Merle can enhance her competency, maintain her license, and provide quality care to her patients.