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While performing the assessment your are guided that the organs found in the epigastrium include which of the following?
- A. Protion of duodenum & jejunum, left kidney, appendix & ovary
- B. Duodenum, pancreas, portion of the liver and pyloric end of the stomach.
- C. Stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas and adrenal gland
- D. Gallblader, duodenum, gallbladder and portion of the right kidney.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The epigastrium is the upper middle region of the abdomen, lying above the umbilical region and between the hypochondriac regions. It contains several organs including the duodenum, pancreas, portion of the liver, and the pyloric end of the stomach. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, the pancreas is a crucial organ for digestion and hormone regulation, the liver aids in digestion and detoxification, and the pyloric end of the stomach connects the stomach to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. These organs are typically assessed and examined when focusing on the epigastrium during a physical examination.
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During surgery, the nurse observes an unusual odor emanating from the surgical site. What should the nurse do?
- A. Document the observation in the patient's chart
- B. Ignore the odor and continue with the procedure
- C. Inform the surgeon immediately and assess for signs of infection
- D. Request additional suctioning to remove the odor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If the nurse observes an unusual odor emanating from the surgical site during surgery, it is important to inform the surgeon immediately and assess for signs of infection. Changes in odor can sometimes be an early sign of infection, which requires prompt attention and intervention. By communicating with the surgeon and conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse can help ensure the timely detection and management of any potential complications, such as infection, that may be affecting the patient's surgical outcome. Prompt action in response to unusual observations is crucial to maintaining patient safety and well-being during surgical procedures.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the irreversible demineralization of the enamel and dentin, leading to cavitation and destruction of tooth structure?
- A. Gingivitis
- B. Dental caries
- C. Periodontitis
- D. Dental abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is characterized by the irreversible demineralization of the enamel and dentin due to acids produced by bacterial activity. This process leads to cavitation and destruction of the tooth structure, ultimately resulting in the formation of a cavity. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, periodontitis is inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of the teeth (gums, bone, and ligaments), and a dental abscess is a collection of pus in the tissues surrounding the tooth, none of which are specifically related to the irreversible demineralization of enamel and dentin seen in dental caries.
In assessing the health condition of school children which of the following would be the finding common to this age group?
- A. Cancer and other malignancies
- B. Anemia and other blood disorders
- C. Lice and parasites
- D. Fractures and injuries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In assessing the health condition of school children, anemia and other blood disorders are more commonly observed in this age group compared to cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries. Anemia is a common health issue among children due to various factors such as poor nutrition, iron deficiency, and infections. Regular screening for anemia is important in school-age children to prevent long-term complications and to promote their overall health and well-being. While cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries can also occur in school children, anemia and blood disorders are more prevalent in this age group.
A patient expresses frustration with the long wait times in the healthcare facility. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Dismiss the patient's frustration and assure them that wait times are unavoidable.
- B. Listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the inconvenience, and offer support.
- C. Ignore the patient's frustration and proceed with providing care.
- D. Tell the patient that their frustration is unwarranted and unnecessary.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's best response in this situation is to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the inconvenience they are experiencing, and offer support. It is essential to validate the patient's feelings and show empathy towards their frustration. By actively listening and addressing the patient's concerns, the nurse can help alleviate some of their frustration and build a positive rapport with the patient. This approach demonstrates respect for the patient's feelings and promotes effective communication in the healthcare setting. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's frustration can lead to further dissatisfaction and impact the quality of care provided.
Ms. Cruz is the supervisor of a hospital on night shift. Several nurses did not report due to Jeepney strike. When the supervisor is executing proper allocation of nurses to the PRIORITY wards to address this concern, she is observing what type of principle?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Non-maleficence
- C. Justice
- D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this situation, the principle of justice is being observed by the supervisor, Ms. Cruz. Justice in healthcare ethics involves fairness and equality in the distribution of resources, including the allocation of staff to provide care. By prioritizing the allocation of nurses to the PRIORITY wards to ensure that essential care is delivered despite the shortage caused by the Jeepney strike, Ms. Cruz is upholding the principle of justice by ensuring that each patient receives equal and fair access to healthcare services. This decision aligns with the ethical responsibility to provide care in a just and fair manner.