Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

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The nurse is caring postoperatively for an 8-year-old child with multiple fractures and other traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle crash. The child is experiencing severe pain. What is an important consideration in managing the child's pain?

  • A. Give only an opioid analgesic at this time.
  • B. Increase the dosage of analgesic until the child is adequately sedated.
  • C. Plan a preventive schedule of pain medication around the clock.
  • D. Give the child a clock and explain when they can have pain medications.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For severe postoperative pain, a preventive around-the-clock schedule is necessary to prevent decreased plasma levels of medications. Providing only an opioid analgesic at this time may not be sufficient for effective pain management. Increasing the dosage without an order is unsafe and may lead to oversedation. Planning a preventive schedule of pain medication around the clock ensures consistent pain relief and better management. Giving the child a clock and explaining when they can have pain medications may increase the child's focus on waiting for relief rather than addressing the pain promptly, making it a less effective strategy.

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Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiate one group from other groups in a society?

  • A. Race
  • B. Culture
  • C. Ethnicity
  • D. Superiority
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ethnicity refers to the shared characteristics such as nationality, culture, language, and beliefs that differentiate one group from another.

At what stage can infants raise their heads and gain control of their trunks before walking due to which directional pattern of development?

  • A. Cephalocaudal
  • B. Anterior to posterior
  • C. Proximodistal
  • D. Normal growth curve charts
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cephalocaudal. The cephalocaudal pattern of development means that growth and motor control proceed from the head downward through the body. This explains why infants can raise their heads before they can sit and gain control of their trunks before walking. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Anterior to posterior refers to development from the front to the back, while proximodistal refers to development from the center of the body outward. Normal growth curve charts are used to track physical growth over time and are not directly related to the directional pattern of development in infants.

Which is an accurate description of homosexual (or gay-lesbian) families?

  • A. A nurturing environment is lacking.
  • B. The children become homosexual like their parents.
  • C. The stability needed to raise healthy children is lacking.
  • D. The quality of parenting is equivalent to that of nongay parents.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Research shows that the quality of parenting in homosexual families is equivalent to that in heterosexual families, and children thrive in nurturing environments provided by same-sex parents.

The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?

  • A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool-aged
  • B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures
  • C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications
  • D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allowing the child to make choices, such as selecting the type of juice, helps to maintain a sense of control and reduce anxiety, ensuring atraumatic care.

Physiological anorexia in toddlerhood occurs because of:

  • A. Decreased appetite and decreased nutritional need
  • B. Decreased appetite and increased nutritional need
  • C. Increased appetite and lack of food preferences
  • D. Increased appetite and strong food preferences
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Physiological anorexia in toddlers occurs due to a decreased appetite as growth rates slow down. Choice A is correct because it aligns with the concept that toddlers experience a natural decrease in appetite as their growth rate decreases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest increased appetite or other factors not associated with physiological anorexia in toddlerhood.

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