Nokea
The nurse is conducting a health history on a patient with heart failure. Which of the following conditions in the patient's health history is a precipitating cause of heart failure?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Anemia
- C. Hypovolemia
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anemia is a precipitating cause of heart failure. Also, hypovolemia and hypothyroidism are precipitating causes. Diabetes is not a precipitating cause of heart failure.
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During a visit to a patient with chronic heart failure, the home care nurse finds that the patient has ankle edema, a 2 kg weight gain, and complains of 'feeling too tired to do anything.' Based on these data, which of the following is the best nursing diagnosis for the patient?
- A. Activity intolerance related to physical deconditioning
- B. Disturbed body image related to alteration in self-perception
- C. Impaired skin integrity related to alteration in fluid volume (peripheral edema)
- D. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory muscle fatigue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's statement supports the diagnosis of activity intolerance. There are no data to support the other diagnoses, although the nurse will need to assess for other patient problems.
The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Which of the following values should the nurse expect to assess in the patient related to ejection fraction?
- A. 40%
- B. 60%
- C. 80%
- D. 90%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal EF is greater than 55% of the ventricular volume. Patients with HF-REF requiring specialist intervention generally have an EF less than or equal to 40%.
The nurse is caring for a patient with right-sided heart failure who asks the nurse what caused the heart failure. Which of the following causes is the primary cause of right-sided heart failure?
- A. Cor pulmonale
- B. Chronic pulmonary hypertension
- C. Left-sided heart failure
- D. Acute decompensated heart failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary cause of right-sided failure is left-sided failure. In this situation, left-sided failure results in pulmonary congestion and increased pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).
Which of the following patients is less likely to enroll in a cardiac rehabilitation program?
- A. A 64-year-old male who has diabetes
- B. A 51-year-old male who has a same-sex partner
- C. A 52-year-old single female
- D. A 39-year-old male with two children
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Women are 36% less likely to enroll in cardiac rehabilitation programs.
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic heart failure. Which of the following conditions is a cause of chronic heart disease?
- A. Dysrhythmias
- B. Pulmonary embolus
- C. Myocarditis
- D. Congenital heart disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital heart disease is a cause of chronic heart failure. Dysrhythmias, pulmonary embolus, and myocarditis are causes of acute heart failure.