Pediatric HESI Test Bank

Pediatric HESI Test Bank Related

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The nurse is counseling a young couple who, in 2 months, are having their third baby. The nurse uses Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families to analyze the family structure. Which best describes the main emphasis of this theory and its application to family dynamics?

  • A. It emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components.
  • B. It emphasizes the social system of the family, such as the organization or structure of the family and how the structure relates to the function.
  • C. It emphasizes the developmental stages that all families go through, beginning with marriage; the longitudinal career of the family is also known as the family life cycle.
  • D. It addresses the way families respond to stress and how the family copes with the stress as a group and how each individual member copes.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components. This perspective views the family as a dynamic entity where each member's actions and behaviors impact the overall functioning of the family unit. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses more on the social aspects of family structure rather than the systemic view provided by Von Bertalanffy's theory. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains more to the family life cycle theory, which is different from the general system theory. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses stress response within families, a concept not central to Von Bertalanffy's general system theory.

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A 6-year-old child with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

  • A. Encourage participation in physical activity
  • B. Provide a high-calorie diet
  • C. Provide a low-sodium diet
  • D. Administer intravenous fluids
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging regular physical activity is crucial in managing symptoms and improving joint function in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It helps maintain joint mobility, muscle strength, and overall well-being. Providing a high-calorie diet (Choice B) is not typically recommended unless there are specific nutritional concerns or growth issues. A low-sodium diet (Choice C) may be beneficial in conditions like hypertension, but it is not a primary focus for JIA management. Administering intravenous fluids (Choice D) is not a routine part of managing JIA unless specifically indicated for hydration or medication administration.

A child with a fever is prescribed acetaminophen. What should the nurse teach the parents about administering this medication?

  • A. Administer the medication with food
  • B. Measure the dose with a household spoon
  • C. Measure the dose with a proper measuring device
  • D. Administer the medication only when the child has a high fever
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to measure the dose with a proper measuring device. Using a proper measuring device ensures accurate dosing, which is crucial to avoid under or overdosing. Administering the medication with food (Choice A) is not necessary for acetaminophen. Using a household spoon (Choice B) can lead to inaccurate dosing due to variations in spoon sizes. Administering the medication only when the child has a high fever (Choice D) is not appropriate as acetaminophen can be used for fever management regardless of the fever intensity.

When describing urticaria, what would an instructor include?

  • A. It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
  • B. Histamine release leads to vasodilation.
  • C. Wheals appear first followed by erythema.
  • D. The nonpruritic rash blanches with pressure.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Urticaria is a type I hypersensitivity reaction where histamine release leads to vasodilation and the formation of characteristic wheals. Choice A is incorrect as urticaria is associated with type I hypersensitivity, not type IV. Choice C is incorrect because in urticaria, erythema typically appears before the development of wheals. Choice D is incorrect as urticaria is typically pruritic and does not blanch with pressure.

The nurse is caring for a 3-day-old girl with Down syndrome whose mother had no prenatal care. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?

  • A. Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements related to the effects of hypotonia
  • B. Deficient knowledge related to the presence of a genetic disorder
  • C. Delayed growth and development related to cognitive impairment
  • D. Impaired physical mobility related to poor muscle tone
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis for a newborn with Down syndrome is often related to feeding difficulties due to hypotonia, making imbalanced nutrition the primary concern. Hypotonia, or poor muscle tone, can lead to challenges with feeding and, subsequently, affect the baby's nutritional intake. While choices B, C, and D may also be concerns for a child with Down syndrome, addressing the immediate need for adequate nutrition takes precedence to ensure the infant's well-being and growth.

When evaluating a child with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for medication management, what is an important assessment for the nurse to perform?

  • A. Assess the child's sleep patterns
  • B. Assess the child's dietary intake
  • C. Assess the child's academic performance
  • D. Assess the child's behavior at home
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Assessing the child's dietary intake is crucial as certain foods and additives can affect ADHD symptoms. Ensuring a balanced diet can help manage symptoms and provide proper nutrition. Assessing sleep patterns (Choice A) is also important, but dietary intake is more directly linked to symptom management in ADHD. Academic performance (Choice C) and behavior at home (Choice D) may be affected by ADHD but are not as directly related to medication management as dietary intake.

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