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The nurse is developing a PICOT question to study methods to promote smoking cessation in high school students in a rural community. Which statement identifies the targeted population?
- A. The rural community
- B. Community members who smoke
- C. All high school students in the community
- D. High school students in the rural community who smoke
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it specifically identifies the targeted population as high school students in the rural community who smoke, which aligns with the study's focus on smoking cessation in this specific group. Choice A is too broad, choice B includes all community members who smoke, choice C includes all high school students without specifying smoking status. By choosing D, the nurse can focus on a more precise and relevant population for the study.
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Which database would the public health nurse use when conducting research to locate regularly updated systematic reviews?
- A. Cochrane Library
- B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- C. Medline with Full Text
- D. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library is renowned for regularly updated systematic reviews, providing high-quality evidence for healthcare decision-making. It follows strict methodology to ensure reliability. AHRQ (B) focuses on healthcare quality improvement, not systematically updated reviews. While Medline (C) and CINAHL (D) are databases for primary research articles, they do not specifically focus on systematic reviews. Therefore, Cochrane Library is the most appropriate database for the public health nurse's research needs.
The nurse is discussing the importance of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) with a group of students. Which statement by a student indicates understanding of this process?
- A. "EBDM is a one-step process to make clinical decisions.â€
- B. "EBDM utilizes subjective decision-making.â€
- C. "EBDM uses interventions with replicable results.â€
- D. "EBDM relies on past nursing experiences.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "EBDM uses interventions with replicable results." This statement indicates an understanding of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) because it highlights the key principle of using interventions that have been proven to produce consistent and replicable results through research and evidence. By basing decisions on interventions with replicable results, healthcare professionals can ensure that their clinical decisions are informed by reliable evidence rather than personal bias or subjective opinions.
Choice A is incorrect because EBDM is a multi-step process that involves gathering evidence, critically appraising it, and applying it to make decisions. Choice B is incorrect as EBDM focuses on objective evidence rather than subjective decision-making. Choice D is incorrect because while past nursing experiences may inform decision-making, EBDM emphasizes the use of current research and evidence to guide practice.
Why is there an increasing use of home monitoring devices? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Rising number of people with acute conditions
- B. Increased need to deliver healthcare to medically underserved populations
- C. Advances in technology to assess clients' conditions in their home
- D. Performing assessments in real time using Internet video systems
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the rising number of people with acute conditions necessitates continuous monitoring, which can be efficiently achieved through home monitoring devices. This enables healthcare providers to closely track and manage patients' health remotely. Choice B is incorrect as the increased need to deliver healthcare to medically underserved populations may lead to other solutions, not necessarily home monitoring devices. Choice C is incorrect because advancements in technology benefit various aspects of healthcare, not just home monitoring devices. Choice D is incorrect as real-time assessments using Internet video systems are just one of the many methods for monitoring patients, not exclusive to home monitoring devices.
The partner tells the nurse that she is able to manage the client’s physical care but she doesn’t want to leave him home alone while she travels for work. Which of the following referrals should the nurse make?
- A. Respite care
- B. Promoting healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members
- C. Eliciting the health history of a client presenting with an illness
- D. Establishing screening programs to diagnosis diseases as early as possible
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respite care. Respite care provides temporary relief to the primary caregiver by offering a safe environment for the client while the partner is away. This ensures the client's well-being and safety in the partner's absence. Other choices are incorrect because B focuses on community health, C involves health history assessment, and D pertains to screening programs which are not relevant to the partner's immediate concern of leaving the client home alone.
A nurse is teaching participants at a community center about advance directives. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. A client must create a do-not-resuscitate order when completing advance directives.
- B. Advance directives cannot be changed once implemented.
- C. A health care surrogate makes health care decisions when the client is no longer able.
- D. Assigning a health care surrogate requires legal consultation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A health care surrogate makes health care decisions when the client is no longer able. This information is crucial for understanding advance directives as it highlights the role of a health care surrogate in making decisions on behalf of the client when they are incapacitated. This empowers individuals to ensure their wishes are carried out even when they are unable to communicate them.
Choice A is incorrect because creating a do-not-resuscitate order is just one aspect of advance directives, not a mandatory requirement. Choice B is incorrect as advance directives can be updated or changed as long as the individual is competent to do so. Choice D is incorrect as assigning a health care surrogate does not always require legal consultation, although it may be recommended in some cases.