Nokea
The nurse is discussing the management of atopic dermatitis (eczema) with a parent. What should be included?
- A. Dress infant warmly to prevent chilling.
- B. Keep the infants fingernails and toenails cut short and clean.
- C. Give bubble baths instead of washing lesions with soap.
- D. Launder clothes in mild detergent; use fabric softener in the rinse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The infants nails should be kept short and clean and have no sharp edges. Gloves or cotton socks can be placed over the childs hands and pinned to the shirt sleeves. Heat and humidity increase perspiration, which can exacerbate the eczema. The child should be dressed properly for the climate. Synthetic material (not wool) should be used for the childs clothing during cold months. Baths are given as prescribed with tepid water, and emollients such as Aquaphor, Cetaphil, and Eucerin are applied within 3 minutes. Soap (except as indicated), bubble bath oils, and powders are avoided. Fabric softener should be avoided because of the irritant effects of some of its components.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which factors will decrease iron absorption and should not be given at the same time as an iron supplement?
- A. Milk
- B. Fruit juice
- C. Multivitamin
- D. Meat, fish, poultry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many foods interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided when iron is consumed. These foods include phosphates found in milk, phytates found in cereals, and oxalates found in many vegetables. Vitamin C-containing juices enhance the absorption of iron. Multivitamins may contain iron; no contraindication exists to taking the two together. Meat, fish, and poultry do not affect absorption.
The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry. What is the nurses best action?
- A. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings.
- B. Encourage the parent not to worry so much.
- C. Assess the parent for other signs of inadequate parenting.
- D. Reassure the parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Colic is multifactorial, and no single treatment is effective for all infants. The parent is verbalizing concern and worry. The nurse should allow the parent to put these feelings into words. An empathetic, gentle, and reassuring attitude, in addition to suggestions about remedies, will help alleviate the parents anxiety. The nurse should reassure the parent that he or she is not doing anything wrong. The infant with colic is experiencing spasmodic pain that is manifested by loud crying, in some cases up to 3 hours each day. Telling the parent that it will eventually go away does not help him or her through the current situation.
The nurse is examining an infant, age 10 months, who was brought to the clinic for persistent diaper rash. The nurse finds perianal inflammation with satellite lesions. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Impetigo
- B. Urine and feces
- C. Candida albicans infection
- D. Infrequent diapering
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. albicans infection produces perianal inflammation and a maculopapular rash with satellite lesions that may cross the inguinal folds. Impetigo is a bacterial infection that spreads peripherally in sharply marginated, irregular outlines. Eruptions involving the skin in contact with the diaper but sparing the folds are likely to be caused by chemical irritation, especially urine and feces, and may be related to infrequent diapering.
Lactose intolerance is diagnosed in an 11-month-old infant. Which should the nurse recommend as a milk substitute?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Ice cream
- C. Fortified cereal
- D. Cows milk-based formula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yogurt contains the inactive lactase enzyme, which is activated by the temperature and pH of the duodenum. This lactase activity substitutes for the lack of endogenous lactase. Ice cream and cows milk-based formula contain lactose, which will probably not be tolerated by the child. Fortified cereal does not have the nutritional equivalents of milk.
After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, an increased incidence has been noted of which pediatric issues?
- A. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- B. Plagiocephaly
- C. Failure to thrive
- D. Apnea of infancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plagiocephaly is a misshapen head caused by the prolonged pressure on one side of the skull. If that side becomes misshapen, facial asymmetry may result. SIDS has decreased by more than 40% with the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign. Apnea of infancy and failure to thrive are unrelated to the Back to Sleep campaign.