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The nurse is educating a patient about the role of luteal phase support in fertility treatments. What should be emphasized?
- A. It involves increasing estrogen levels to support ovulation.
- B. It requires progesterone supplementation to maintain uterine lining integrity.
- C. It eliminates the need for hormonal monitoring during treatments.
- D. It helps prevent the LH surge during ovulation induction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because luteal phase support is crucial in fertility treatments to maintain the uterine lining for potential embryo implantation. Progesterone supplementation is necessary to support this phase, as it ensures a hospitable environment for the embryo. Option A is incorrect because luteal phase support primarily focuses on progesterone, not estrogen. Option C is incorrect as hormonal monitoring is still essential during fertility treatments. Option D is incorrect because luteal phase support does not prevent the LH surge, which is necessary for ovulation.
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A nurse is explaining the benefits of embryo freezing to a patient. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Frozen embryos have a higher success rate than fresh ones.
- B. It allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval.
- C. Embryo freezing eliminates the need for hormonal support during IVF.
- D. Only genetically modified embryos can be frozen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because embryo freezing allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval. This is important as it saves time, cost, and reduces physical burden on the patient. Choice A is incorrect as success rates are similar for frozen and fresh embryos. Choice C is incorrect because hormonal support is still required during IVF with frozen embryos. Choice D is incorrect as genetically unmodified embryos can also be frozen.
A couple who has not achieved a successful pregnancy is scheduled to meet with a fertility specialist. Which simple evaluation is usually the first test to be performed?
- A. Semen analysis
- B. Testicular biopsy
- C. Endometrial biopsy
- D. Hysterosalpingography
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Semen analysis. This is the first test performed because it helps assess male fertility by evaluating sperm count, motility, and morphology. It is a non-invasive and cost-effective test that can provide valuable insights into the couple's fertility issues. Testicular biopsy (B) is an invasive procedure and typically not the initial test. Endometrial biopsy (C) evaluates the uterine lining and is usually performed later in the evaluation process. Hysterosalpingography (D) is a test to assess the fallopian tubes and uterus in females, which is also not typically the first test performed when evaluating infertility in a couple.
A couple inquires about the inheritance of Huntington's disease (HD) because the prospective father's mother is dying of the illness. There is no history of the disease in his partner's family. The man has never been tested for HD. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Because HD is an autosomal dominant disease
- B. each and every one of your children will have a 1 in 4 chance of having the disease.
- C. Because only one of you has a family history of HD
- D. the probability of any of your children having the disease is less than 10%.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Without testing, the exact risk cannot be determined, but each child has a 50% chance if the father carries the gene.
A couple undergoing IVF asks about the risk of multiple pregnancies. What should the nurse discuss?
- A. Transferring multiple embryos increases the risk of multiples, which can lead to complications.
- B. Single embryo transfers always result in twins or higher multiples.
- C. Multiple pregnancies have no impact on maternal or fetal health.
- D. The number of embryos transferred does not affect pregnancy outcomes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Transferring multiple embryos increases the chance of multiple pregnancies, which can lead to complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight.
2. This is an important consideration for the couple undergoing IVF to understand the potential risks involved.
3. Single embryo transfers reduce the risk of multiples and associated complications.
4. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide inaccurate information that contradicts the known risks associated with multiple pregnancies.
The nurse is providing education to a pregnant woman whose genetic testing confirms her fetus has Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of which abnormality?
- A. Chromosomal translocation
- B. Abnormality of chromosomal number
- C. Multifactorial monosomy inheritance
- D. Autosomal-recessive inheritance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Abnormality of chromosomal number. Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to trisomy 21. This results in characteristic physical features and intellectual disability. Chromosomal translocation (A) involves the swapping of genetic material between chromosomes. Multifactorial monosomy inheritance (C) refers to a combination of genetic and environmental factors leading to the loss of a chromosome. Autosomal-recessive inheritance (D) requires two copies of a mutated gene to be present for the disorder to manifest, which is not the case in Down syndrome.