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A patient undergoing ovarian stimulation is concerned about ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). What should the nurse explain?
- A. OHSS is a mild side effect and rarely requires medical attention.
- B. OHSS can cause severe symptoms like abdominal pain and requires monitoring.
- C. OHSS is only a concern for women over 40.
- D. OHSS cannot occur with modern fertility medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because OHSS can indeed cause severe symptoms like abdominal pain and fluid accumulation in the abdomen or chest, which may require medical attention and monitoring. OHSS is a potential complication of ovarian stimulation, particularly in women undergoing fertility treatments. It is crucial for the nurse to explain the seriousness of OHSS symptoms and the importance of close monitoring to the patient.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because OHSS is not a mild side effect, it can occur in women of all ages, and it can still happen with modern fertility medications. It is important to provide accurate information to the patient to ensure their understanding and safety during the treatment process.
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During ovulation induction, a patient asks why hormone levels are monitored so frequently. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. To predict embryo quality before fertilization.
- B. To ensure hormone levels stay within safe and effective ranges for egg maturation.
- C. To confirm the patient is pregnant before the cycle ends.
- D. To determine if the uterine lining is ready for implantation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring hormone levels during ovulation induction is essential to ensure that the hormones stay within safe and effective ranges for successful egg maturation. By closely monitoring hormone levels, healthcare providers can adjust medication dosages as needed to optimize the chances of successful ovulation. This helps to minimize the risk of overstimulation or understimulation of the ovaries, which can impact the quality of the eggs produced.
A: Predicting embryo quality before fertilization is not the primary purpose of monitoring hormone levels during ovulation induction.
C: Confirming pregnancy before the cycle ends is not the purpose of hormone level monitoring during ovulation induction.
D: Determining if the uterine lining is ready for implantation is important, but this is typically assessed through other methods such as ultrasound rather than hormone level monitoring.
What is the role of pelvic ultrasound in infertility evaluation?
- A. To evaluate ovarian reserve directly.
- B. To visualize uterine and ovarian structures.
- C. To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream.
- D. To identify genetic abnormalities in embryos.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, as pelvic ultrasound allows visualization of uterine and ovarian structures. This is essential in assessing conditions like fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts, and structural abnormalities that may affect fertility. Ovarian reserve evaluation (A) involves separate tests like AMH levels. Hormone levels (C) are typically measured through blood tests. Genetic abnormalities in embryos (D) are usually identified through preimplantation genetic testing, not pelvic ultrasound.
A couple inquires about the inheritance of Huntington's disease (HD) because the prospective father's mother is dying of the illness. There is no history of the disease in his partner's family. The man has never been tested for HD. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Because HD is an autosomal dominant disease
- B. each and every one of your children will have a 1 in 4 chance of having the disease.
- C. Because only one of you has a family history of HD
- D. the probability of any of your children having the disease is less than 10%.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Without testing, the exact risk cannot be determined, but each child has a 50% chance if the father carries the gene.
The nurse is counseling a couple about infertility. Which piece of assessment data may affect the woman's ability to become pregnant?
- A. The woman exercises three times a week for 1 hour.
- B. The couple each consumes a glass of wine each night.
- C. The couple has a sauna in their backyard.
- D. The male partner works on heavy machinery.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Having a sauna in the backyard may affect the woman's ability to become pregnant due to the potential negative impact of excessive heat on sperm production and ovulation. Saunas can raise body temperature, which can be harmful to sperm and reduce fertility.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Regular exercise is generally beneficial for fertility and overall health, so this is unlikely to significantly impact the woman's ability to become pregnant.
B: Consuming a glass of wine each night in moderation is not likely to have a significant impact on fertility unless it leads to excessive alcohol consumption.
D: Working on heavy machinery may pose risks to male fertility due to potential exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation, but this choice doesn't directly impact the woman's ability to become pregnant.
What is the function of the highlighted region on the drawing below?
- A. It produces a fluid that nourishes the sperm.
- B. It secretes a fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina.
- C. It is the reservoir where sperm mature.
- D. It contracts during ejaculation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The highlighted region likely refers to the bulbospongiosus muscle or related structures that contract during ejaculation to expel semen.