Nokea
The nurse is employed at a long-term care facility caring for geriatric clients. Which assessment finding is characteristic of an age-related change?
- A. Cognitive decline
- B. Loss of height
- C. Depressive symptoms
- D. Increased muscle mass
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A common age-related change is the loss of height due to the loss of bone mass and vertebral collapse. Cognitive decline is not an age-related change. Depression occurs in all age groups. Geriatric clients have a decrease in muscle mass.
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An instructor is describing the process of bone development. What would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Cortical bone
- C. Osteoclasts
- D. Cancellous bone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoblasts secrete bone matrix (mostly collagen), in which inorganic minerals, such as calcium salts, are deposited. This process of ossification and calcification transforms the blast cells into mature bone cells, called osteocytes, which are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Cortical bone is dense hard bone found in the long shafts; cancellous bone is spongy bone found in the irregular rounded edges of bone.
The client who is about to undergo arthroscopy of the knee begins to describe the procedure to the nurse. What statement(s) indicate to the nurse that the client understands the procedure?
- A. This procedure does not require an anesthetic.
- B. A needle will be inserted into the joint space.
- C. A special scan may be done to verify the placement of the needle.
- D. Fluid is taken from the joint for laboratory analysis.
- E. It is normal to hear crackling or clicking noises in the joint for about a week after the procedure.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: If the client describes the procedure as one in which a needle is inserted into the joint space, with a special scan possibly being done to verify needle placement, to take fluid from the joint for laboratory analysis, the nurse can confirm that the client understands the arthroscopy procedure. Before the procedure, the provider first injects a local anesthetic. The client should expect the crackling or clicking noises to resolve after 2 days. Noises beyond this time are abnormal, the client should report them.
The emergency department nurse is reporting the location of a fracture to the client's primary care physician. When stating the location of the fracture on the long shaft of the femur, the nurse would be most correct to state which terminology locating the fractured site?
- A. The fracture is on the diaphysis.
- B. The fracture is ventially located.
- C. The fracture is on the epiphysis.
- D. The fracture is on the tuberosity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A fracture that is on the diaphysis is understood to be chiefly found in the long shafts of the arms and legs. The epiphysis are rounded, irregular ends of the bones. Saying a fracture is ventially located does not assist in providing adequate details of the location of the fracture. A tuberosity is a projection from the bone or a protuberance.
A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?
- A. Remodelling
- B. Resorption
- C. Ossification and calcification
- D. Epiphyses and diaphysis formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ossification and calcification transform osteoblasts into mature bone cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Resorption and remodelling are involved in bone destruction. Epiphyses and diaphysis are bone tissues that provide strength and support to the human skeleton.
The nurse is teaching a nutrition class at the community center. Which instruction is most important to stress when teaching on calcium intake?
- A. Eat green, leafy vegetables.
- B. Drink calcium- and vitamin D-fortified orange juice
- C. Provide age-related calcium intake recommendations.
- D. Maintain dairy sources of calcium intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Providing accurate and specific age-related daily calcium intake guidelines empowers clients to meet those recommendations in a manner that fits their lifestyle. It is also important to emphasize that calcium intake guidelines increase to 1200 mg/day for those older than age 50 years. Eating green, leafy vegetables is an important source of calcium as well as drinking fortified orange juice. Dairy sources also provide calcium intake in varying degrees.