Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client who has a deficiency in the formation of cartilage in joints. Which essential substance is absent?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Sarcomeres
- C. Matrix
- D. Myofibrils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cartilage is a firm, dense type of connective tissue that consists of cells embedded in a substance called matrix. The matrix is firm and compact. Cartilage is essential in reducing friction between articular surfaces and absorbs shock. Osteoblasts build bone. Sarcomeres assist in contracting muscle. Skeletal muscles are composed of myofibrils.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment for a client whose right leg muscles exhibit no tone and are limp. Which descriptor should the nurse use to document this condition?
- A. Flaccid
- B. Spastic
- C. Atonic
- D. Atrophic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term flaccid describes muscles that have no tone or are limp. Spastic describes muscles that have greater-than-normal tone. Atonic describes muscles that are not enervated and become soft and flabby. Atrophic describes muscles deterioration that occurs with lack of use and exercise.
A client scheduled to undergo an electomyrography asks the nurse what this test will evaluate. What is the correct response from the nurse?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Muscle composition
- C. Bone density
- D. Metastatic bone lesions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electomyrography tests the electric potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles. It is done to evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration, pain, disability, and to differentiate muscle and nerve problems. A bone biopsy is done to identify bone composition. Bone densitometry is done to evaluate bone density. A bone scan would be appropriate to detect metastatic bone lesions.
The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a fractured hip. The nurse would suggest that the client increase intake of what to facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplement?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Vitamin B6
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must advise a client recovering from a fractured hip to increase the intake of vitamin D because it protects against bone loss and decreases the risk of recurring fracture by facilitating calcium absorption from food and supplements. Amino acids and vitamin B6, although important, do not facilitate the absorption of calcium. Dairy products also do not facilitate the absorption of calcium; however, the exception to this is vitamin D-fortified milk.
A client is scheduled to have an x-ray examination of the shoulder in which the synovial fluid will be aspirated and sent to the laboratory for analysis. This will be followed by administration of a contrast medium and x-rays. The nurse understands that the client will be undergoing which test(s)?
- A. Arthroscopy
- B. Arthrocentesis
- C. Arthrogram
- D. Bone densit dissentery
- E. Electromyography
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: An arthrogram is a radiographic examination of a joint usually the knee or shoulder. The health care provider first injects a local anesthetic and then inserts a needle into the joint space. Fluoroscopy may be used to verify correct placement of the needle. The synovial fluid in the joint is aspirated and sent to the laboratory for analysis. A contrast medium is then injected, and x-ray films are taken. Arthroscopy is the internal inspection of a joint using an arthroscope. Arthrocentesis is the aspiration of synovial fluid. The client involves local anesthesia just before this procedure. The health care provider inserts a large needle into the joint and removes the fluid. This can be done during an arthrogram or arthroscopy. Bone densitometry estimates bone density using radiography or advanced radiographic techniques. Electromyography tests the electrical potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles.
The nurse is teaching a nutrition class at the community center. Which instruction is most important to stress when teaching on calcium intake?
- A. Eat green, leafy vegetables.
- B. Drink calcium- and vitamin D-fortified orange juice
- C. Provide age-related calcium intake recommendations.
- D. Maintain dairy sources of calcium intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Providing accurate and specific age-related daily calcium intake guidelines empowers clients to meet those recommendations in a manner that fits their lifestyle. It is also important to emphasize that calcium intake guidelines increase to 1200 mg/day for those older than age 50 years. Eating green, leafy vegetables is an important source of calcium as well as drinking fortified orange juice. Dairy sources also provide calcium intake in varying degrees.