Nokea
The orthopedic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a fracture of the radius. In which type of bone tissue does the nurse anticipate the fracture being?
- A. Collagen
- B. Cortical
- C. Cancellous
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cancellous bone or spongy bone is light and contains many spaces making it a less solid bone than the cortical or compact bone. Collagen and cartilage are not types of bone tissue.
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A client scheduled to undergo an electomyrography asks the nurse what this test will evaluate. What is the correct response from the nurse?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Muscle composition
- C. Bone density
- D. Metastatic bone lesions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electomyrography tests the electric potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles. It is done to evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration, pain, disability, and to differentiate muscle and nerve problems. A bone biopsy is done to identify bone composition. Bone densitometry is done to evaluate bone density. A bone scan would be appropriate to detect metastatic bone lesions.
A client is scheduled to have an x-ray examination of the shoulder in which the synovial fluid will be aspirated and sent to the laboratory for analysis. This will be followed by administration of a contrast medium and x-rays. The nurse understands that the client will be undergoing which test(s)?
- A. Arthroscopy
- B. Arthrocentesis
- C. Arthrogram
- D. Bone densit dissentery
- E. Electromyography
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: An arthrogram is a radiographic examination of a joint usually the knee or shoulder. The health care provider first injects a local anesthetic and then inserts a needle into the joint space. Fluoroscopy may be used to verify correct placement of the needle. The synovial fluid in the joint is aspirated and sent to the laboratory for analysis. A contrast medium is then injected, and x-ray films are taken. Arthroscopy is the internal inspection of a joint using an arthroscope. Arthrocentesis is the aspiration of synovial fluid. The client involves local anesthesia just before this procedure. The health care provider inserts a large needle into the joint and removes the fluid. This can be done during an arthrogram or arthroscopy. Bone densitometry estimates bone density using radiography or advanced radiographic techniques. Electromyography tests the electrical potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles.
The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a fractured hip. The nurse would suggest that the client increase intake of what to facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplement?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Vitamin B6
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must advise a client recovering from a fractured hip to increase the intake of vitamin D because it protects against bone loss and decreases the risk of recurring fracture by facilitating calcium absorption from food and supplements. Amino acids and vitamin B6, although important, do not facilitate the absorption of calcium. Dairy products also do not facilitate the absorption of calcium; however, the exception to this is vitamin D-fortified milk.
The physician orders an opioid analgesic for a client with a traumatic musculoskeletal injury. What is the most important complication the nurse should watch for in this client?
- A. Allergic reactions
- B. Hypotension
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Joint inflammation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should observe for signs of respiratory depression in a client susceptible to shock after a traumatic injury because opioids may cause respiratory depression and lead to sedation. Although hypotension or allergic reactions can occur, the priority here is to monitor for respiratory depression. Joint inflammation may be due to the injury itself, it is not likely to be a result of administering narcotic analgesics.
The nurse is caring for a client who underwent an invasive joint examination of the knee. The nurse would closely monitor the client for what complication?
- A. Lack of sleep and appetite
- B. Serious drainage
- C. Signs of depression
- D. Signs of shock
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the client undergoes an invasive knee joint examination, the nurse should inspect the knee area for swelling, bleeding, and serious drainage. An invasive joint examination does not cause lack of sleep or appetite, depression, or shock. The client may be in shock due to the injury itself.