Nokea
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a health class about ways to ensure bone health, including the need for an adequate calcium intake. The participants are high school-aged girls. The nurse would encourage them to consume adequate calcium to maximize peak bone mass by which age?
- A. 20 years
- B. 30 years
- C. 40 years
- D. 50 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peak bone mass is attained sometime around 30 years of age. An adequate calcium intake before that time helps to maximize peak bone mass. This would result in denser bones that would be less susceptible to fracture. Bone mass begins to decrease after age 30.
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The nurse is caring for a middle-aged female client who is experiencing premenopausal symptoms. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I like to take a brisk walk in the morning.
- B. I only drink orange juice fortified with calcium and vitamin D.
- C. Bone resorption slows with aging due to a decrease in estrogen levels.
- D. I like to have a glass of red wine in the evening.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse is correct to clarify that bone resorption occurs more rapidly with aging. In fact, it occurs more rapidly than bone formation. This leads to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. All of the other options are helpful in a client entering menopause.
The nurse is taking an initial history of a new client with a musculoskeletal problem. Which factor is most important for the nurse to keep in mind for this assessment?
- A. Client's age
- B. Client's lifestyle
- C. Any chronic disorder or recent injury
- D. Duration and location of discomfort or pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The focus of the initial history depends on the nature of the musculoskeletal problem, whether the client has a chronic disorder or a recent injury. If the disorder is long-standing, the nurse obtains a thorough medical, drug, and allergy history. If the client is injured, the nurse finds out when and how the trauma occurred. The client's age, lifestyle, or duration and location of discomfort or pain, although important, have little influence on the focus of the initial history and assessment of the client.
A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?
- A. Remodelling
- B. Resorption
- C. Ossification and calcification
- D. Epiphyses and diaphysis formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ossification and calcification transform osteoblasts into mature bone cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Resorption and remodelling are involved in bone destruction. Epiphyses and diaphysis are bone tissues that provide strength and support to the human skeleton.
A client scheduled to undergo an electomyrography asks the nurse what this test will evaluate. What is the correct response from the nurse?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Muscle composition
- C. Bone density
- D. Metastatic bone lesions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electomyrography tests the electric potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles. It is done to evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration, pain, disability, and to differentiate muscle and nerve problems. A bone biopsy is done to identify bone composition. Bone densitometry is done to evaluate bone density. A bone scan would be appropriate to detect metastatic bone lesions.
The orthopedic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a fracture of the radius. In which type of bone tissue does the nurse anticipate the fracture being?
- A. Collagen
- B. Cortical
- C. Cancellous
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cancellous bone or spongy bone is light and contains many spaces making it a less solid bone than the cortical or compact bone. Collagen and cartilage are not types of bone tissue.