Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a fractured hip. The nurse would suggest that the client increase intake of what to facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplement?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Vitamin B6
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must advise a client recovering from a fractured hip to increase the intake of vitamin D because it protects against bone loss and decreases the risk of recurring fracture by facilitating calcium absorption from food and supplements. Amino acids and vitamin B6, although important, do not facilitate the absorption of calcium. Dairy products also do not facilitate the absorption of calcium; however, the exception to this is vitamin D-fortified milk.
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The nurse is providing client education on growth and development throughout the lifespan. When stating periods of most rapid bone growth, which period is the nurse most correct to state?
- A. Period of conception
- B. Prenatally
- C. From birth through puberty
- D. Throughout adulthood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The period of most rapid bone growth is in the period of birth through puberty. Cell division occurs in the period of conception. Growth and organ development occurs prenatally. Throughout adulthood, growth is limited and may decrease. Instruction on the foundation of bone health such as with adequate sources of calcium and vitamin D are essential.
An instructor is describing the process of bone development. What would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Cortical bone
- C. Osteoclasts
- D. Cancellous bone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoblasts secrete bone matrix (mostly collagen), in which inorganic minerals, such as calcium salts, are deposited. This process of ossification and calcification transforms the blast cells into mature bone cells, called osteocytes, which are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Cortical bone is dense hard bone found in the long shafts; cancellous bone is spongy bone found in the irregular rounded edges of bone.
A client arrives at the orthopedic physician's office stating knee pain sustained while playing soccer. A history and physical assessment are completed. The knee appears reddened with edema. Which other diagnostic testing would the nurse anticipate?
- A. A bone densitometry
- B. A bone scan
- C. An arthrocentesis
- D. An arthroscopy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An arthroscopy is the internal inspection of the joint using an arthroscope. The physician can inspect the joint for injury or deterioration and can also complete therapeutic procedures such as removing bit of torn or floating cartilage. A bone densitometry estimates bone density. A bone scan is used to detect metastatic bone lesions, fractures, or inflammatory disorders. An arthrocentesis is the aspiration of synovial fluid. An arthrocentesis may be completed during an arthroscopy.
The nurse is taking an initial history of a new client with a musculoskeletal problem. Which factor is most important for the nurse to keep in mind for this assessment?
- A. Client's age
- B. Client's lifestyle
- C. Any chronic disorder or recent injury
- D. Duration and location of discomfort or pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The focus of the initial history depends on the nature of the musculoskeletal problem, whether the client has a chronic disorder or a recent injury. If the disorder is long-standing, the nurse obtains a thorough medical, drug, and allergy history. If the client is injured, the nurse finds out when and how the trauma occurred. The client's age, lifestyle, or duration and location of discomfort or pain, although important, have little influence on the focus of the initial history and assessment of the client.
The emergency department nurse is reporting the location of a fracture to the client's primary care physician. When stating the location of the fracture on the long shaft of the femur, the nurse would be most correct to state which terminology locating the fractured site?
- A. The fracture is on the diaphysis.
- B. The fracture is ventially located.
- C. The fracture is on the epiphysis.
- D. The fracture is on the tuberosity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A fracture that is on the diaphysis is understood to be chiefly found in the long shafts of the arms and legs. The epiphysis are rounded, irregular ends of the bones. Saying a fracture is ventially located does not assist in providing adequate details of the location of the fracture. A tuberosity is a projection from the bone or a protuberance.