Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?
- A. Remodelling
- B. Resorption
- C. Ossification and calcification
- D. Epiphyses and diaphysis formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ossification and calcification transform osteoblasts into mature bone cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Resorption and remodelling are involved in bone destruction. Epiphyses and diaphysis are bone tissues that provide strength and support to the human skeleton.
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A client arrives at the orthopedic physician's office stating knee pain sustained while playing soccer. A history and physical assessment are completed. The knee appears reddened with edema. Which other diagnostic testing would the nurse anticipate?
- A. A bone densitometry
- B. A bone scan
- C. An arthrocentesis
- D. An arthroscopy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An arthroscopy is the internal inspection of the joint using an arthroscope. The physician can inspect the joint for injury or deterioration and can also complete therapeutic procedures such as removing bit of torn or floating cartilage. A bone densitometry estimates bone density. A bone scan is used to detect metastatic bone lesions, fractures, or inflammatory disorders. An arthrocentesis is the aspiration of synovial fluid. An arthrocentesis may be completed during an arthroscopy.
The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment for a client whose right leg muscles exhibit no tone and are limp. Which descriptor should the nurse use to document this condition?
- A. Flaccid
- B. Spastic
- C. Atonic
- D. Atrophic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term flaccid describes muscles that have no tone or are limp. Spastic describes muscles that have greater-than-normal tone. Atonic describes muscles that are not enervated and become soft and flabby. Atrophic describes muscles deterioration that occurs with lack of use and exercise.
A client is experiencing muscle weakness in the upper extremities. The client raises an arm above the head but then loses the ability to maintain the position. Muscular dystrophy is suspected. Which diagnostic test would evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration?
- A. A serum calcium test
- B. An electromyography
- C. An arthroscopy
- D. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An electromyography tests the electrical potential of muscles and nerves leading to the muscles. It is done to evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration. A serum calcium test evaluates the calcium in the blood. An arthroscopy assesses changes in the joint. An MRI identifies abnormalities in the targeted area.
A client scheduled to undergo an electomyrography asks the nurse what this test will evaluate. What is the correct response from the nurse?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Muscle composition
- C. Bone density
- D. Metastatic bone lesions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electomyrography tests the electric potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles. It is done to evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration, pain, disability, and to differentiate muscle and nerve problems. A bone biopsy is done to identify bone composition. Bone densitometry is done to evaluate bone density. A bone scan would be appropriate to detect metastatic bone lesions.
The nurse is employed at a long-term care facility caring for geriatric clients. Which assessment finding is characteristic of an age-related change?
- A. Cognitive decline
- B. Loss of height
- C. Depressive symptoms
- D. Increased muscle mass
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A common age-related change is the loss of height due to the loss of bone mass and vertebral collapse. Cognitive decline is not an age-related change. Depression occurs in all age groups. Geriatric clients have a decrease in muscle mass.