Nokea
A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which structure?
- A. Ligament
- B. Tendon
- C. Cartilage
- D. Joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Ligaments consisting of fibrous tissue connect two adjacent, freely movable bones. Cartilage is a firm dense type of connective tissue that reduces friction between articular surfaces, absorbs shock, and reduces the stress on joint surfaces. A joint is the junction between 2 or more bones.
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An instructor is describing the process of bone development. What would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Cortical bone
- C. Osteoclasts
- D. Cancellous bone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoblasts secrete bone matrix (mostly collagen), in which inorganic minerals, such as calcium salts, are deposited. This process of ossification and calcification transforms the blast cells into mature bone cells, called osteocytes, which are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Cortical bone is dense hard bone found in the long shafts; cancellous bone is spongy bone found in the irregular rounded edges of bone.
The orthopedic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a fracture of the radius. In which type of bone tissue does the nurse anticipate the fracture being?
- A. Collagen
- B. Cortical
- C. Cancellous
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cancellous bone or spongy bone is light and contains many spaces making it a less solid bone than the cortical or compact bone. Collagen and cartilage are not types of bone tissue.
The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a fractured hip. The nurse would suggest that the client increase intake of what to facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplement?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Vitamin B6
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must advise a client recovering from a fractured hip to increase the intake of vitamin D because it protects against bone loss and decreases the risk of recurring fracture by facilitating calcium absorption from food and supplements. Amino acids and vitamin B6, although important, do not facilitate the absorption of calcium. Dairy products also do not facilitate the absorption of calcium; however, the exception to this is vitamin D-fortified milk.
A client is receiving treatment for a head injury. What action would the nurse take related to positioning to reduce the risk of further injury?
- A. Maintain the client in a sitting position for as long as possible.
- B. Elevate the rest of the client's body slightly above the neck and head.
- C. Position the neck and head in line with the rest of the client's body.
- D. Elevate the client's head slightly while keeping the neck neutral.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In cases of head injury, the nurse should elevate the client's head slightly while keeping the neck neutral to reduce the risk of further injury because of increased intracranial pressure. Maintaining the client in a sitting position or elevating the rest of the client's body slightly above the neck and head may cause discomfort to the client. On the other hand, if the neck and the head are positioned in line with the rest of the client's body, the risk of further injury to the client will not be reduced.
The nurse is providing client education on growth and development throughout the lifespan. When stating periods of most rapid bone growth, which period is the nurse most correct to state?
- A. Period of conception
- B. Prenatally
- C. From birth through puberty
- D. Throughout adulthood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The period of most rapid bone growth is in the period of birth through puberty. Cell division occurs in the period of conception. Growth and organ development occurs prenatally. Throughout adulthood, growth is limited and may decrease. Instruction on the foundation of bone health such as with adequate sources of calcium and vitamin D are essential.