Nokea
The nurse is explaining drug action to a nursing student. Which statement made by the nurse is correct?
- A. Water-soluble and ionized drugs are quickly absorbed
- B. A drug not bound to protein is an active drug.
- C. Most receptors are found under the cell membran
- D. Toxic effects can result if the trough level is low.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B: A drug not bound to protein is an active drug.
Rationale: Protein-bound drugs are inactive as they cannot reach target sites. When unbound, drugs can exert pharmacological effects. This is known as the free drug hypothesis. The statement correctly highlights the importance of drug binding to proteins in affecting drug action.
Summary:
A: Water-soluble and ionized drugs are slow to be absorbed due to their inability to cross membranes easily.
C: Receptors are found on the cell membrane, not under it. This statement is inaccurate.
D: Toxic effects are more likely to occur with high trough levels, not low levels.
You may also like to solve these questions
What term best defines the cimetidine-diazepam interaction where the sedative effect of diazepam increased significantly?
- A. Synergism
- B. Potentiation
- C. Additive
- D. Antagonism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cimetidine-diazepam interaction, where the sedative effect of diazepam increased significantly due to the inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 system by cimetidine, can be best defined as potentiation. Potentiation refers to the enhancement of one drug's effect by another, leading to a greater overall effect than either drug alone. In this case, cimetidine potentiates the sedative effect of diazepam by inhibiting its metabolism, resulting in increased sedation.
Eicosanoids are hormone-like compounds that are produced from fatty-acids. All of the following are eicosanoids, EXCEPT
- A. Prostacyclin
- B. Leukotrienes
- C. Endorphin
- D. Prostaglandins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: - Endorphin is a neuropeptide hormone, not an eicosanoid derived from fatty acids.
- Prostacyclin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are all eicosanoids produced from fatty acids.
- Endorphins are produced in the brain and nervous system, mainly known for their role in pain regulation.
- Eicosanoids play roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and regulating blood pressure.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, Endorphin, as it is not an eicosanoid derived from fatty acids.
The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the:
- A. Minimum adverse effect level
- B. Peak of action
- C. Onset of action
- D. Therapeutic range
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Onset of action. This is the point in time when the drug concentration reaches a level where the therapeutic effect begins to be observed. The onset of action signifies the start of the drug's intended effect on the body. The minimum adverse effect level (Choice A) refers to the lowest concentration at which side effects may occur, not the therapeutic effect. The peak of action (Choice B) is the point when the drug's effect is at its maximum, not necessarily the first sign of therapeutic effect. The therapeutic range (Choice D) is the range of drug concentrations that produce the desired therapeutic effect without causing significant side effects, but it does not specifically indicate the onset of therapeutic action.
The nurse discovers that a patient has recently decided to take four herbal preparations. Which action will the nurse take first?
- A. Discuss the cost of herbal products.
- B. Instruct the patient to inform the health care provider of all products taken.
- C. Instruct the patient to stop taking all herbal products immediately.
- D. Suggest that the patient taper off use of herbal products over the next 2 weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Option B is correct because the nurse should prioritize patient safety by ensuring the healthcare provider is informed of all products taken to prevent potential interactions.
2. Option A is incorrect as discussing cost is not the priority when patient safety is at risk.
3. Option C is incorrect as abruptly stopping all herbal products can lead to adverse effects without healthcare provider guidance.
4. Option D is incorrect as tapering off herbal products should also be done under healthcare provider supervision to monitor for any adverse reactions.
A client is taking a medication that is metabolized by the CYP enzymes. Which medication inhibits several of the CYP enzymes?
- A. Cisplatin
- B. Acebutolol hydrochloride
- C. Cimetidine
- D. Dicloxacillin sodium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Cimetidine (C) because it is a known inhibitor of several CYP enzymes. Cimetidine can inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, among others. This can lead to potential drug interactions and altered metabolism of medications that are substrates of these enzymes.
A: Cisplatin does not inhibit CYP enzymes.
B: Acebutolol hydrochloride is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6, but it does not inhibit CYP enzymes.
D: Dicloxacillin sodium is not known to inhibit CYP enzymes.
In summary, Cimetidine is the correct answer as it inhibits several CYP enzymes, while the other choices do not possess this inhibitory effect.