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What is a common risk factor for breast cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. being assigned female at birth
- B. having a first-degree relative with breast cancer
- C. carrying mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
- D. being of African American ethnicity
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale:
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Whose theoretical model describes how clinical judgment evolves with experience?
- A. Benner
- B. Tanner
- C. Lasater
- D. Nightingale
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patricia Benner developed the theoretical model known as the Novice to Expert Theory, which describes how clinical judgment evolves with experience. According to this theory, individuals progress through five levels of proficiency in a skill: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Benner's model emphasizes the importance of experiential learning and highlights how nurses develop expertise over time through practical experience and reflection.
The nurse is preparing a client for cesarean delivery. What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Obtain baseline vital signs.
- B. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
- C. Verify signed informed consent.
- D. Administer prophylactic antibiotics.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ensuring informed consent is signed is a priority before any surgical procedure.
What is the priority nursing action when shoulder dystocia is encountered during delivery?
- A. Apply fundal pressure
- B. Call for additional assistance
- C. Perform the McRoberts maneuver
- D. Encourage the mother to push harder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The McRoberts maneuver widens the pelvic outlet for delivery.
A 17-year-old patient receives emergency contraception in a clinic. What is the priority nursing education for this patient at this time?
- A. The need for further contraception because the emergency contraception is only temporary
- B. The need to protect herself from STIs
- C. The need to come back in for a pelvic examination 1 week after taking the medication
- D. The need to drink plenty of fluids while on this medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient should be informed that emergency contraception is a temporary measure and they need a long-term contraceptive plan. Choice B, while important for overall sexual health, is not the priority immediately after administering emergency contraception. Choice C is not necessary unless there are complications or a follow-up consultation is needed. Choice D about drinking fluids is unnecessary and not specific to the effectiveness of emergency contraception.
A client at 28 weeks' gestation reports uterine contractions every 10 minutes. What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Encourage rest and hydration.
- B. Assess for signs of preterm labor.
- C. Administer tocolytic medication.
- D. Perform a vaginal examination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing for preterm labor signs, including cervical changes, is critical to determine the appropriate intervention.