Anatomy of Hematologic System

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The nurse is monitoring a patient receiving a blood product and is concerned that the blood is going to deteriorate before it is complete infused. What is the maximum time that blood can hang during infusion before it begins to deteriorate?

  • A. 1 hour
  • B. 2 hours
  • C. 3 hours
  • D. 4 hours
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 4 hours. Blood products typically have a maximum hang time of 4 hours to prevent bacterial contamination and ensure the integrity of the product. Beyond 4 hours, the risk of bacterial growth and contamination increases, leading to potential harm for the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to adhere to this time limit to maintain the safety and effectiveness of the blood product.

Summary:
- A (1 hour), B (2 hours), and C (3 hours) are incorrect because they do not align with the standard maximum hang time for blood products, which is 4 hours. Adhering to this time limit is essential to prevent deterioration and ensure patient safety.

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The nurse is assisting with the preparation of a blood transfusion for a patient. Which type of fluid should the nurse select to transfuse with the blood?

  • A. 0.9% normal saline
  • B. Dextrose 5% and water
  • C. Dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline
  • D. Dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A 0.9% normal saline solution is the correct choice for blood transfusion because it is isotonic, which closely matches the osmolarity of blood. This helps prevent hemolysis and maintains the integrity of red blood cells during transfusion. Other choices such as B (dextrose 5% and water), C (dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline), and D (dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline) are incorrect because they do not provide the necessary isotonic environment for safe blood transfusion, risking hemolysis or other complications.

Half life of plat. Is:

  • A. 1-2days
  • B. 3-4days
  • C. 5-6days
  • D. 7-8days
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (3-4 days) because the half-life of platinum is known to be around 3-4 days based on scientific research and studies. This means that within this time frame, half of the amount of platinum will decay or disintegrate. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because they do not align with the established half-life value of platinum. Option A (1-2 days), C (5-6 days), and D (7-8 days) do not fall within the typical range of platinum's half-life duration as determined by scientific data and experimentation. Therefore, option B is the most accurate and scientifically supported choice for the half-life of platinum.

Which statement is correct regarding lymphocyte counts in infants versus adults?

  • A. NK-cell numbers are lowest at birth and increase with age.
  • B. B-cell numbers are highest at birth and decline with age.
  • C. T-cell numbers in infants are higher than in adults.
  • D. Infants have low lymphocyte counts that increase with age.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because T-cell numbers in infants are indeed higher than in adults. This is due to the active development of the immune system in infants, leading to a higher proportion of T-cells.

A is incorrect because NK-cell numbers in infants are actually higher at birth and decrease with age.
B is incorrect because B-cell numbers are lower at birth and increase with age.
D is incorrect because infants do not have low lymphocyte counts; their immune system is actively developing, leading to higher lymphocyte counts compared to adults.

Waldeyer's ring does not include:

  • A. faucal tonsils
  • B. submandibular glands
  • C. adenoids
  • D. lingual tonsils
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: submandibular glands. Waldeyer's ring consists of a ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx, including the palatine tonsils (faucal tonsils), adenoids, and lingual tonsils. Submandibular glands are salivary glands located beneath the mandible and are not part of Waldeyer's ring. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are all components of Waldeyer's ring.

A nurse is monitoring a client following ferrous sulfate administration. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

  • A. Phlebitis
  • B. Dark
  • C. orange-colored stools
  • D. Constipation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Constipation. Ferrous sulfate, an iron supplement, commonly causes constipation due to its effects on the digestive system. Iron slows down bowel movements, leading to constipation. Monitoring for constipation is crucial to ensure the client's comfort and prevent complications.

Phlebitis (choice A) is not a common adverse effect of ferrous sulfate administration. Dark, tarry stools (choice B) can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding but are not directly related to iron supplementation. Orange-colored stools (choice C) are not a typical side effect of ferrous sulfate and are more commonly associated with certain foods or medications.

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