Nokea
The nurse is observing a client receiving antiplatelet therapy for adverse reactions. Antiplatelet drugs most commonly produce which hypersensitivity reaction?
- A. Difficulty hearing
- B. Confusion
- C. Bronchospasm
- D. Agranulocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antiplatelet drugs most commonly produce bronchospasm as a hypersensitivity reaction. This adverse reaction occurs due to the release of bronchoconstrictive mediators, leading to narrowing of the airways and potentially causing respiratory distress. It is important for nurses to closely monitor clients receiving antiplatelet therapy for signs of bronchospasm, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, and to intervene promptly to prevent further complications. Difficulty hearing, confusion, and agranulocytosis are not typically associated with antiplatelet therapy.
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In pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, stages are dependent on primary site whether favorable or unfavorable. Which of the following sites of involvement is considered unfavorable?
- A. vagina
- B. uterus
- C. testis
- D. paranasal sinuses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paranasal sinuses are considered unfavorable sites in rhabdomyosarcoma staging.
A 2-month-old premature infant born at 30 weeks gestation is scheduled for an inguinal hernia repair. Which of the following preoperative findings would BEST predict an increased risk of postoperative apnea?
- A. Hemoglobin 7 gm/dL
- B. Glucose 61 mg/dL
- C. Room air SpO2 92%
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin levels in a premature infant can increase the risk of postoperative apnea due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
The nurse is assessing a child after a cardiac catheterization. Which complication should the nurse be assessing for?
- A. Cardiac arrhythmia
- B. Hypostatic pneumonia
- C. Heart failure
- D. Rapidly increasing blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After a cardiac catheterization, the nurse should be assessing for the development of cardiac arrhythmias, as this is a potential complication associated with the procedure. Cardiac arrhythmias can occur due to irritation of the heart during the catheterization, changes in electrolyte levels, or other factors related to the procedure. Monitoring the child's cardiac rhythm closely allows for early detection and management of arrhythmias to prevent serious complications. While other complications such as hypostatic pneumonia, heart failure, and rapidly increasing blood pressure can also occur, cardiac arrhythmia is the most important complication to assess for immediately post-cardiac catheterization.
The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes that a risk exists of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). Which is an important objective to decrease this risk?
- A. Minimize seizures
- B. Prevent dehydration
- C. Promote cardiac output
- D. Reduce energy expenditure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect, promoting cardiac output is crucial to decreasing the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). Hypoxia resulting from the cardiac defect can lead to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain, increasing the risk of strokes. By optimizing cardiac output, the body can deliver sufficient oxygen to vital organs, including the brain, reducing the likelihood of cerebrovascular accidents. It is essential to focus on supporting cardiac function to improve overall perfusion and oxygenation levels, ultimately helping to mitigate the risk of strokes in this vulnerable population.
A patient is being taught the action of digoxin, which is an inotropic agent. The nurse defines an inotropic agent as a medication that has which of the following actions?
- A. Decreases heart rate
- B. Increases conduction time
- C. Increases heart rate
- D. Strengthens heart contraction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An inotropic agent, such as digoxin, is a medication that strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle. It works by increasing the force of each heartbeat, helping the heart pump more efficiently. This can be beneficial in conditions such as heart failure or certain types of arrhythmias where the heart's pumping ability is compromised. Inotropic agents do not decrease heart rate, increase conduction time, or increase heart rate; their primary action is to enhance the heart's contractility.